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nGQL 简明教程 vol.02 执行计划详解与调优 转至元数据结尾

第一期中,我们简单了解了一些 nGQL 的常用语句。本文旨在帮助 NebulaGraph 新手快速了解查询语句调优,读懂查询计划。

一直以来,NebulaGraph 社区里最热门之一的话题都是“我如何表达这样的查询最好?“、”我这个查询还有优化空间吗?“这一类的话题。今天,我就来试着介绍下如何理解查询语句的执行与优化过程,帮助大家更好地脚踩在地上去写自己的查询语句。

同时,这篇文章也是 nGQL 简明教程系列的第二期。在你通过本文了解如何面向性能写查询语句后,就能更好地理解在第三期进行的图建模内容。

一个查询的一生

先从一个查询语句从进入 NebulaGraph 到返回查询结果的全过程讲起。在开始之前,建议阅读下文末的延伸阅读的架构和索引内容。

简单来说,一个查询语句被从 GraphClient 发送给 graphd 之后,经历了:

  1. 在 Parser 中被解析成抽象语法树 AST;
  2. 在 Validator、Planner 中被写成执行计划图,图中的每一个顶点 PlanNode 对应着一种算子;
  3. 通过 Optimizer 中的优化规则 RBO 改写执行计划图;
  4. 优化过的计划图被执行引擎从图的叶子节点开始执行直到根部。

img

举一个例子,这是一个实现「查询年龄大于 34 岁的三跳好友」的查询语句:

GO 3 STEPS FROM "player100" OVER follow WHERE $$.player.age > 34 YIELD DISTINCT $$.player.name AS name, $$.player.age AS age | ORDER BY $-.age ASC, $-.name DESC;

这条查询语句经过了解析、验证、优化之后,最终的执行计划是,Start -> Loop -> Start -> GetNeighbors -> Project -> Dedup -> Loop -> GetNeighbors -> Project -> GetVertices -> Project -> LeftJoin -> Filter -> Project -> Dedup -> Sort,或者如下图所示:

go_n_steps

了解这个优化过程和最终执行计划是了解什么是调优查询、面向性能设计图建模的关键。

回到上面的执行计划,这个计划图由添加了 PROFILE FORMAT="DOT" 的执行结果中的 digraph 部分,借助 Graphviz 渲染而得。值得注意的是,FORMAT="DOT" 省略之后的输出结果是表格形式的,且有更多信息会展示出来,后面我们会解读。

(root@nebula) [basketballplayer]> PROFILE FORMAT="DOT" GO 3 STEPS FROM "player100" OVER follow WHERE $$.player.age > 34 YIELD DISTINCT $$.player.name AS name, $$.player.age AS age | ORDER BY $-.age ASC, $-.name DESC;
+-----------------+-----+
| name            | age |
+-----------------+-----+
| "Tony Parker"   | 36  |
| "Manu Ginobili" | 41  |
| "Tim Duncan"    | 42  |
+-----------------+-----+
Got 3 rows (time spent 8885/19871 us)

Execution Plan (optimize time 1391 us)

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  plan
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  digraph exec_plan {
      rankdir=BT;
      "Sort_14"[label="{Sort_14|outputVar: \{\"colNames\":\[\"name\",\"age\"\],\"type\":\"DATASET\",\"name\":\"__Sort_14\"\}|inputVar: __Dedup_13}", shape=Mrecord];
      "Dedup_13"->"Sort_14";
      "Dedup_13"[label="{Dedup_13|outputVar: \{\"colNames\":\[\"name\",\"age\"\],\"type\":\"DATASET\",\"name\":\"__Dedup_13\"\}|inputVar: __Project_12}", shape=Mrecord];
      "Project_12"->"Dedup_13";
      "Project_12"[label="{Project_12|outputVar: \{\"colNames\":\[\"name\",\"age\"\],\"type\":\"DATASET\",\"name\":\"__Project_12\"\}|inputVar: __Filter_11}", shape=Mrecord];
      "Filter_11"->"Project_12";
      "Filter_11"[label="{Filter_11|outputVar: \{\"colNames\":\[\"JOIN_DST_VID\",\"__COL_0\",\"__COL_1\",\"DST_VID\"\],\"type\":\"DATASET\",\"name\":\"__Filter_11\"\}|inputVar: __LeftJoin_10}", shape=Mrecord];
      "LeftJoin_10"->"Filter_11";
      "LeftJoin_10"[label="{LeftJoin_10|outputVar: \{\"colNames\":\[\"JOIN_DST_VID\",\"__COL_0\",\"__COL_1\",\"DST_VID\"\],\"type\":\"DATASET\",\"name\":\"__LeftJoin_10\"\}|inputVar: \{\"rightVar\":\{\"__Project_9\":0\},\"leftVar\":\{\"__Project_7\":0\}\}}", shape=Mrecord];
      "Project_9"->"LeftJoin_10";
      "Project_9"[label="{Project_9|outputVar: \{\"colNames\":\[\"__COL_0\",\"__COL_1\",\"DST_VID\"\],\"type\":\"DATASET\",\"name\":\"__Project_9\"\}|inputVar: __GetVertices_8}", shape=Mrecord];
      "GetVertices_8"->"Project_9";
      "GetVertices_8"[label="{GetVertices_8|outputVar: \{\"colNames\":\[\],\"type\":\"DATASET\",\"name\":\"__GetVertices_8\"\}|inputVar: __Project_7}", shape=Mrecord];
      "Project_7"->"GetVertices_8";
      "Project_7"[label="{Project_7|outputVar: \{\"colNames\":\[\"JOIN_DST_VID\"\],\"type\":\"DATASET\",\"name\":\"__Project_7\"\}|inputVar: __GetNeighbors_6}", shape=Mrecord];
      "GetNeighbors_6"->"Project_7";
      "GetNeighbors_6"[label="{GetNeighbors_6|outputVar: \{\"colNames\":\[\],\"type\":\"DATASET\",\"name\":\"__GetNeighbors_6\"\}|inputVar: __VAR_0}", shape=Mrecord];
      "Loop_5"->"GetNeighbors_6";
      "Loop_5"[shape=diamond];
      "Dedup_4"->"Loop_5";
      "Loop_5"->"Start_1"[label="Do", style=dashed];
      "Start_0"->"Loop_5";
      "Dedup_4"[label="{Dedup_4|outputVar: \{\"colNames\":\[\],\"type\":\"DATASET\",\"name\":\"__VAR_0\"\}|inputVar: __Project_3}", shape=Mrecord];
      "Project_3"->"Dedup_4";
      "Project_3"[label="{Project_3|outputVar: \{\"colNames\":\[\"_vid\"\],\"type\":\"DATASET\",\"name\":\"__Project_3\"\}|inputVar: __GetNeighbors_2}", shape=Mrecord];
      "GetNeighbors_2"->"Project_3";
      "GetNeighbors_2"[label="{GetNeighbors_2|outputVar: \{\"colNames\":\[\],\"type\":\"DATASET\",\"name\":\"__GetNeighbors_2\"\}|inputVar: __VAR_0}", shape=Mrecord];
      "Start_1"->"GetNeighbors_2";
      "Start_1"[label="{Start_1|outputVar: \{\"colNames\":\[\],\"type\":\"DATASET\",\"name\":\"__Start_1\"\}|inputVar: }", shape=Mrecord];
      "Start_0"[label="{Start_0|outputVar: \{\"colNames\":\[\],\"type\":\"DATASET\",\"name\":\"__Start_0\"\}|inputVar: }", shape=Mrecord];
  }
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

查询计划

为了理解一个查询在整个生命周期中,如何反应到执行层面,以及它们的性能代价是多少,我们从认识它的执行计划开始入手。

以前面的图遍历(图拓展)GO 语句为例,它经历了如下节点:

  1. GetNeighbors 是执行计划中最重要的节点,GetNeighbors 算子会在运行期访问存储服务,拿到通过起点和指定边类型一步拓展后终点的 ID;
  2. 多步拓展通过 Loop 节点实现,StartLoop 之间是 Loop 的子计划,当满足条件时 Loop 子计划会被循环执行,最后一步拓展节点在 Loop 外实现;
  3. Project 节点用来获取当前拓展的终点 ID;
  4. Dedup 节点对终点 ID 去重后作为下一步拓展的起点;
  5. GetVertices 节点负责取终点 tag 的属性;
  6. Filter 做条件过滤;
  7. LeftJoin 的作用是合并 GetNeighborsGetVertices 的结果;
  8. Sort 做排序;

而这些节点就是不同的算子。

认识算子

在 NebulaGraph 博客的代码解读文章中已经有很多算子被提及、解释过,这里列举其中部分常见的算子:

注:这里没有提及 GET SUBGRAPH / FIND PATH 中的算子。

算子 介绍
GetNeighbor 根据指定的 vid ,从存储层获取起始点和边的属性
Traverse 仅用于 MATCH 匹配 ()-[e:0..n]-() 模式,获取拓展过程中的起始点和边的属性
AppendVertices MATCH 使用,同算子 Traverse 配合获取点的属性
GetEdge 获取边的属性
GetVertices 获取点的属性,FETCH PROP 或者 GO 语句中。
ScanEdge 全表扫描边,例如 MATCH ()-[e]->() RETURN e LIMIT 3
ScanVertices 全表扫描点,例如 MATCH (v) return v LIMIT 3
IndexScan MATCH 语句中找到起始点的索引查询
TagIndexPrefixScan LOOKUP 语句中前缀扫描 LOOKUP ON player where player.name == "Steve Nash" YIELD player.name
TagIndexRangeScan LOOKUP 语句中范围扫描 LOOKUP ON player where player.name > "S" YIELD player.name
TagIndexFullScan LOOKUP 语句中全扫描 LOOKUP ON player YIELD player.name
Filter 按条件过滤,例如 WHERE 语句
Project 获取上一步算子的列
Dedup 去重
LeftJoin 合并结果
LIMIT 限制输出行数

从这些算子的含义中,你已经知道图数据库的查询具体落到查询引擎 graphd 内部的最小所需操作了。而性能调优的关键就在于如何规划、优化查询语句是如何被拆解为算子的执行计划

认识优化规则

对于任何给定的查询,执行计划并不是唯一确定的。相反,在最简单、直接的计划基础之上,优化器 Optimizer 会进行很多性能上的优化。

NebulaGraph 目前的优化器是完全的基于规则的优化 RBO,这些预设的规则的代码都在 src/graph/optimizerrules 里,它们都是针对执行计划模式的修改规则。对 RBO 有兴趣的小伙伴可以读下文末的延伸阅读的源码介绍。

值得一提的是,2022 年开始在大部分优化规则的代码中增加了很多好理解的 ASCII Art 图形注释,结合优化规则的命名本身的自解释性,我们可以快速理解优化规则的匹配和转换逻辑。

首先,这些规则的转换 transform 代码都在 .cpp 文件里,ASCII Art 图形注释在同名对应的 .h 里!

ls src/graph/optimizer/rule/*.h
src/graph/optimizer/rule/CollapseProjectRule.h                      src/graph/optimizer/rule/PushFilterDownLeftJoinRule.h
src/graph/optimizer/rule/CombineFilterRule.h                        src/graph/optimizer/rule/PushFilterDownNodeRule.h
src/graph/optimizer/rule/EdgeIndexFullScanRule.h                    src/graph/optimizer/rule/PushFilterDownProjectRule.h
src/graph/optimizer/rule/EliminateAppendVerticesRule.h              src/graph/optimizer/rule/PushFilterDownScanVerticesRule.h
src/graph/optimizer/rule/EliminateRowCollectRule.h                  src/graph/optimizer/rule/PushLimitDownGetNeighborsRule.h
src/graph/optimizer/rule/GeoPredicateEdgeIndexScanRule.h            src/graph/optimizer/rule/PushLimitDownIndexScanRule.h
src/graph/optimizer/rule/GeoPredicateIndexScanBaseRule.h            src/graph/optimizer/rule/PushLimitDownProjectRule.h
src/graph/optimizer/rule/GeoPredicateTagIndexScanRule.h             src/graph/optimizer/rule/PushLimitDownScanAppendVerticesRule.h
src/graph/optimizer/rule/GetEdgesTransformAppendVerticesLimitRule.h src/graph/optimizer/rule/PushLimitDownScanEdgesAppendVerticesRule.h
src/graph/optimizer/rule/GetEdgesTransformRule.h                    src/graph/optimizer/rule/PushLimitDownScanEdgesRule.h
src/graph/optimizer/rule/GetEdgesTransformUtils.h                   src/graph/optimizer/rule/PushStepLimitDownGetNeighborsRule.h
src/graph/optimizer/rule/IndexFullScanBaseRule.h                    src/graph/optimizer/rule/PushStepSampleDownGetNeighborsRule.h
src/graph/optimizer/rule/IndexScanRule.h                            src/graph/optimizer/rule/PushTopNDownIndexScanRule.h
src/graph/optimizer/rule/MergeGetNbrsAndDedupRule.h                 src/graph/optimizer/rule/PushVFilterDownScanVerticesRule.h
src/graph/optimizer/rule/MergeGetNbrsAndProjectRule.h               src/graph/optimizer/rule/RemoveNoopProjectRule.h
src/graph/optimizer/rule/MergeGetVerticesAndDedupRule.h             src/graph/optimizer/rule/RemoveProjectDedupBeforeGetDstBySrcRule.h
src/graph/optimizer/rule/MergeGetVerticesAndProjectRule.h           src/graph/optimizer/rule/TagIndexFullScanRule.h
src/graph/optimizer/rule/OptimizeEdgeIndexScanByFilterRule.h        src/graph/optimizer/rule/TopNRule.h
src/graph/optimizer/rule/OptimizeTagIndexScanByFilterRule.h         src/graph/optimizer/rule/UnionAllEdgeIndexScanRule.h
src/graph/optimizer/rule/PushEFilterDownRule.h                      src/graph/optimizer/rule/UnionAllIndexScanBaseRule.h
src/graph/optimizer/rule/PushFilterDownAggregateRule.h              src/graph/optimizer/rule/UnionAllTagIndexScanRule.h
src/graph/optimizer/rule/PushFilterDownGetNbrsRule.h

GetEdgesTransformRule

我们看下这个规则名字的意思是转换 GetEdges 的规则。看起来不够明确,来看看 GetEdgesTransformRule.h

//  Convert [[ScanVertices]] to [[ScanEdges]] in certain cases
//  Required conditions:
//   1. Match the pattern
//  Benefits:
//   1. Avoid doing Traverse to optimize performance
//  Quey example:
//   1. match ()-[e]->() return e limit 3
//
//  Tranformation:
//  Before:
// +---------+---------+
// |      Project      |
// +---------+---------+
//           |
// +---------+---------+
// |       Limit       |
// +---------+---------+
//           |
// +---------+---------+
// |      Traverse     |
// +---------+---------+
//           |
// +---------+---------+
// |    ScanVertices   |
// +---------+---------+
//
//  After:
// +---------+---------+
// |      Project      |
// +---------+---------+
//           |
// +---------+---------+
// |       Limit       |
// +---------+---------+
//           |
// +---------+---------+
// |      Project      |
// +---------+---------+
//           |
// +---------+---------+
// |      ScanEdges    |
// +---------+---------+

结合 .cppGetEdgesTransformRule::matchGetEdgesTransformRule::transform 的代码,我们可以确定这个优化规则是将 MATCH ()-[e]->() RETURN e LIMIT 3 原本按照 ScanVertices 去扫描点变为 ScanEdges 扫描边。

因为,这个规则的背景是在没有点、边索引的 LIMIT 情况下,无起点 VID/属性条件的查询是可以通过扫点、边数据下推 LIMIT 的。这里 MATCH ()-[e]->() RETURN e LIMIT 3 扫描边的查询因为只需要返回边 RETURN e,所以直接扫描边 ScanEdges 是更高效的。

PushLimitDownScanEdgesRule

我们看看这个规则,在 PushLimitDownScanEdgesRule.h 里有注释

//  Embedding limit to [[ScanEdges]]
//  Required conditions:
//   1. Match the pattern
//  Benefits:
//   1. Limit data early to optimize performance
//
//  Transformation:
//  Before:
//
//  +--------+--------+
//  |      Limit      |
//  |    (limit=3)    |
//  +--------+--------+
//           |
// +---------+---------+
// |    ScanEdges      |
// +---------+---------+
//
//  After:
//
//  +--------+--------+
//  |      Limit      |
//  |    (limit=3)    |
//  +--------+--------+
//           |
// +---------+---------+
// |    ScanEdges      |
// |     (limit=3)     |
// +---------+---------+

这个规则很简单,当 ScanEdges 算子的下游是 Limit 算子的时候,把 Limit 的过滤条件嵌入到 ScanEdges 之中。这一步的意义是什么呢?这里涉及到一个优化规则里常见的概念,计算下推

计算下推

在计算存储分离的数据库系统中,涉及到读取数据的算子需要从存储层远程捞取数据再做进一步处理。而这个 RPC 的数据传输常常成为性能的瓶颈。然而,如果下一步计算要做的事情是对数据的按条件剪枝,例如 FilterLimitTopN 等等。这时候,如果存储层捞数据时考虑了条件剪枝情况,则可以大大地减少数据传输量。

上面提到的 PushLimitDownScanEdgesRule.h 的优化规则就是一个典型的 Limit 下推(Push Down)的规则。

PushLimitDownProjectRule

类似的,我们看看这个规则。PushLimitDownProjectRule.h 里有这样一段注释,这个规则只是把 Project 算子之后的 Limit 算子的顺序调换了一下。我们可以想象在这个变换之后,Limit 就和 ScanEdges 等其他可以下推 Limit 的算子相邻了,像 PushLimitDownScanEdgesRule 的规则变换也可以做了。

//  Push [[Limit]] down [[Project]]
//  Required conditions:
//   1. Match the pattern
//  Benefits:
//   1. Limit data early to optimize performance
//
//  Tranformation:
//  Before:
//
//  +--------+--------+
//  |      Limit      |
//  |    (limit=3)    |
//  +--------+--------+
//           |
// +---------+---------+
// |      Project      |
// +---------+---------+
//
//  After:
// +---------+---------+
// |      Project      |
// +---------+---------+
//           |
//  +--------+--------+
//  |      Limit      |
//  |    (limit=3)    |
//  +--------+--------+

PushFilterDownGetNbrsRule

再介绍一个 Filter 下推的例子,从规则注释里的转换图示可以读出,当 GetNeighbors 之后再双条件交集 Filter 的时候,取一个条件下推到 GetNeighbors,再进行另一个条件的 Filter。这个规则既减少了 GetNeighbors 数据的传输量、Filter 输入的运算量,又少了一次集合运算。

//  Embed the [[Filter]] into [[GetNeighbors]]
//  Required conditions:
//   1. Match the pattern
//   2. Filter contains subexpressions that meet pushdown conditions
//  Benefits:
//   1. Filter data early to optimize performance
//
//  Tranformation:
//  Before:
//
//  +------------------+------------------+
//  |                Filter               |
//  |($^.player.age>3 and $$.player.age<4)|
//  +------------------+------------------+
//                     |
//              +------+------+
//              | GetNeighbors|
//              +------+------+
//
//  After:
//
//  +--------+--------+
//  |    Filter       |
//  |($$.player.age<4)|
//  +--------+--------+
//           |
//  +--------+--------+
//  |  GetNeighbors   |
//  |($^.player.age>3)|
//  +--------+--------+
下一步
  • 感兴趣的同学可以试着进一步看看所有的规则。
  • 可以试着在多个 graphd 集群上,更改其中一个 graphd 的配置,关闭 enable_optimizer,把同一个 Query 分别在开启了优化和关闭优化的 graphd 中执行,比较执行计划的区别。
  • 如果你发现更优的规则,欢迎来论坛GitHub 提交优化建议、PR!

简单的介绍就到这里,接下来我们从一些实例出发来进一步实操执行计划调优吧。

nGQL 执行计划调优解读实例

希望这些具体问题能够给大家带来启发。

观察基于索引与数据的扫描

我在索引详解中解释过 NebulaGraph 的索引和传统数据库中索引的区别。简单来说,因为以类似于邻接表的方式存储数据,NebulaGraph 要额外创建索引来解决全扫描或者根据属性条件扫描点、边这些类似于表结构数据库中的场景。

另外,在无过滤条件 LIMIT 采样扫描的场景下,NebulaGraph 从 v3.0 开始允许无索引的查询情形(因为点边数据扫描支持了 Limit 下推,不再像之前那么昂贵)。在没有索引可以被选择的情况下,Planner 也会选择直接扫点或者边的数据,这个差别可以从 explainprofile 中看出来。

这里用 basketballplayer 数据集中自带的索引来举例,这个数据集只在 player 这个 tag 上有两个索引:

(root@nebula) [basketballplayer]> SHOW TAG INDEXES
+------------------+----------+----------+
| Index Name       | By Tag   | Columns  |
+------------------+----------+----------+
| "player_index_0" | "player" | []       |
| "player_index_1" | "player" | ["name"] |
+------------------+----------+----------+
Got 2 rows (time spent 2440/19653 us)
无索引查询

先看一个没有索引的场景查询:

(root@nebula) [basketballplayer]> PROFILE MATCH (n:team) RETURN id(n) LIMIT 1
+-----------+
| id(n)     |
+-----------+
| "team206" |
+-----------+
Got 1 rows (time spent 3637/17551 us)

Execution Plan (optimize time 265 us)

-----+----------------+--------------+-----------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------
| id | name           | dependencies | profiling data                                      | operator info                                               |
-----+----------------+--------------+-----------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------
| 15 | Project        | 16           | ver: 0, rows: 1, execTime: 28us, totalTime: 29us    | outputVar: {                                                |
|    |                |              |                                                     |   "colNames": [                                             |
|    |                |              |                                                     |     "id(n)"                                                 |
|    |                |              |                                                     |   ],                                                        |
|    |                |              |                                                     |   "type": "DATASET",                                        |
|    |                |              |                                                     |   "name": "__DataCollect_8"                                 |
|    |                |              |                                                     | }                                                           |
|    |                |              |                                                     | inputVar: __Limit_13                                        |
|    |                |              |                                                     | columns: [                                                  |
|    |                |              |                                                     |   "id($-.n)"                                                |
|    |                |              |                                                     | ]                                                           |
-----+----------------+--------------+-----------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------
| 16 | Limit          | 17           | ver: 0, rows: 1, execTime: 3us, totalTime: 8us      | outputVar: {                                                |
|    |                |              |                                                     |   "colNames": [                                             |
|    |                |              |                                                     |     "n"                                                     |
|    |                |              |                                                     |   ],                                                        |
|    |                |              |                                                     |   "type": "DATASET",                                        |
|    |                |              |                                                     |   "name": "__Limit_13"                                      |
|    |                |              |                                                     | }                                                           |
|    |                |              |                                                     | inputVar: __AppendVertices_17                               |
|    |                |              |                                                     | offset: 0                                                   |
|    |                |              |                                                     | count: 1                                                    |
-----+----------------+--------------+-----------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------
| 17 | AppendVertices | 18           | {                                                   | outputVar: {                                                |
|    |                |              | ver: 0, rows: 3, execTime: 244us, totalTime: 1124us |   "colNames": [                                             |
|    |                |              | "storaged0":9779 exec/total: 257(us)/779(us)        |     "n"                                                     |
|    |                |              | "storaged2":9779 exec/total: 190(us)/870(us)        |   ],                                                        |
|    |                |              | total_rpc: 1024(us)                                 |   "type": "DATASET",                                        |
|    |                |              | "storaged1":9779 exec/total: 195(us)/879(us)        |   "name": "__AppendVertices_17"                             |
|    |                |              | }                                                   | }                                                           |
|    |                |              |                                                     | inputVar: __ScanVertices_18                                 |
|    |                |              |                                                     | space: 2                                                    |
|    |                |              |                                                     | dedup: true                                                 |
|    |                |              |                                                     | limit: -1                                                   |
|    |                |              |                                                     | filter:                                                     |
|    |                |              |                                                     | orderBy: []                                                 |
|    |                |              |                                                     | src: $-._vid                                                |
|    |                |              |                                                     | props: [                                                    |
|    |                |              |                                                     |   {                                                         |
|    |                |              |                                                     |     "props": [                                              |
|    |                |              |                                                     |       "name",                                               |
|    |                |              |                                                     |       "age",                                                |
|    |                |              |                                                     |       "_tag"                                                |
|    |                |              |                                                     |     ],                                                      |
|    |                |              |                                                     |     "tagId": 3                                              |
|    |                |              |                                                     |   },                                                        |
|    |                |              |                                                     |   {                                                         |
|    |                |              |                                                     |     "props": [                                              |
|    |                |              |                                                     |       "name",                                               |
|    |                |              |                                                     |       "_tag"                                                |
|    |                |              |                                                     |     ],                                                      |
|    |                |              |                                                     |     "tagId": 4                                              |
|    |                |              |                                                     |   }                                                         |
|    |                |              |                                                     | ]                                                           |
|    |                |              |                                                     | exprs:                                                      |
|    |                |              |                                                     | vertex_filter:                                              |
|    |                |              |                                                     | if_track_previous_path: false                               |
-----+----------------+--------------+-----------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------
| 18 | ScanVertices   | 3            | {                                                   | outputVar: {                                                |
|    |                |              | ver: 0, rows: 3, execTime: 225us, totalTime: 1586us |   "colNames": [                                             |
|    |                |              | "storaged2":9779 exec/total: 532(us)/1303(us)       |     "_vid",                                                 |
|    |                |              | "storaged1":9779 exec/total: 480(us)/1318(us)       |     "team._tag"                                             |
|    |                |              | total_rpc: 1502(us)                                 |   ],                                                        |
|    |                |              | "storaged0":9779 exec/total: 506(us)/1382(us)       |   "type": "DATASET",                                        |
|    |                |              | }                                                   |   "name": "__ScanVertices_18"                               |
|    |                |              |                                                     | }                                                           |
|    |                |              |                                                     | inputVar:                                                   |
|    |                |              |                                                     | space: 2                                                    |
|    |                |              |                                                     | dedup: false                                                |
|    |                |              |                                                     | limit: 1                                                    |
|    |                |              |                                                     | filter: (team._tag IS NOT EMPTY AND team._tag IS NOT EMPTY) |
|    |                |              |                                                     | orderBy: []                                                 |
|    |                |              |                                                     | props: [                                                    |
|    |                |              |                                                     |   {                                                         |
|    |                |              |                                                     |     "props": [                                              |
|    |                |              |                                                     |       "_tag"                                                |
|    |                |              |                                                     |     ],                                                      |
|    |                |              |                                                     |     "tagId": 4                                              |
|    |                |              |                                                     |   }                                                         |
|    |                |              |                                                     | ]                                                           |
|    |                |              |                                                     | exprs:                                                      |
-----+----------------+--------------+-----------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------
|  3 | Start          |              | ver: 0, rows: 0, execTime: 0us, totalTime: 27us     | outputVar: {                                                |
|    |                |              |                                                     |   "colNames": [],                                           |
|    |                |              |                                                     |   "type": "DATASET",                                        |
|    |                |              |                                                     |   "name": "__Start_3"                                       |
|    |                |              |                                                     | }                                                           |
-----+----------------+--------------+-----------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------

这个例子里我们关注从 Storage 里取数据的算子,以及算子取得数据的行数:

  • ScanVertices,扫描点(其中 limit: 1
  • rows: 3,扫描得到 3 行数据

ScanVertices 比较好理解,在没有索引的情况下,只能去扫描点数据(非索引)了,limit : 1 表示它也被下推了,不会取全量数据。

其次,rows: 3,为什么不是 1 呢?这是因为数据分别在 3 个 storaged 之中,同时被扫描,所以在每一个 storaged 中都 limit 1 才能保证最终数据能满足需求,而这里刚好三个 storaged 中都有数据分布,最终得到的数据量就是 3 了。

有索引查询,LIMIT 无下推

下面,我们来查 player 上的数据,前面的 SHOW TAG INDEXES 里看到,player 上是存在索引的:

(root@nebula) [basketballplayer]> PROFILE MATCH (n:player) RETURN id(n) LIMIT 1
+-------------+
| id(n)       |
+-------------+
| "player127" |
+-------------+
Got 1 rows (time spent 4053/19496 us)

Execution Plan (optimize time 181 us)

-----+----------------+--------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------
| id | name           | dependencies | profiling data                                                                                                                                                        | operator info                           |
-----+----------------+--------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------
| 11 | Project        | 9            | ver: 0, rows: 1, execTime: 21us, totalTime: 25us                                                                                                                      | outputVar: {                            |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                       |   "colNames": [                         |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                       |     "id(n)"                             |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                       |   ],                                    |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                       |   "type": "DATASET",                    |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                       |   "name": "__DataCollect_7"             |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                       | }                                       |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                       | inputVar: __Limit_9                     |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                       | columns: [                              |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                       |   "id($-.n)"                            |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                       | ]                                       |
-----+----------------+--------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------
|  9 | Limit          | 3            | ver: 0, rows: 1, execTime: 12us, totalTime: 16us                                                                                                                      | outputVar: {                            |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                       |   "colNames": [                         |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                       |     "n"                                 |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                       |   ],                                    |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                       |   "type": "DATASET",                    |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                       |   "name": "__Limit_9"                   |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                       | }                                       |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                       | inputVar: __AppendVertices_3            |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                       | offset: 0                               |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                       | count: 1                                |
-----+----------------+--------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------
|  3 | AppendVertices | 1            | {                                                                                                                                                                     | outputVar: {                            |
|    |                |              | ver: 0, rows: 52, execTime: 390us, totalTime: 1140us                                                                                                                  |   "colNames": [                         |
|    |                |              | total_rpc: 933(us)                                                                                                                                                    |     "n"                                 |
|    |                |              | "storaged1":9779 exec/total: 208(us)/718(us)                                                                                                                          |   ],                                    |
|    |                |              | "storaged0":9779 exec/total: 118(us)/693(us)                                                                                                                          |   "type": "DATASET",                    |
|    |                |              | "storaged2":9779 exec/total: 241(us)/664(us)                                                                                                                          |   "name": "__AppendVertices_3"          |
|    |                |              | }                                                                                                                                                                     | }                                       |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                       | inputVar: __IndexScan_1                 |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                       | space: 2                                |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                       | dedup: true                             |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                       | limit: -1                               |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                       | filter:                                 |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                       | orderBy: []                             |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                       | src: $_vid                              |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                       | props: [                                |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                       |   {                                     |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                       |     "props": [                          |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                       |       "_tag"                            |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                       |     ],                                  |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                       |     "tagId": 3                          |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                       |   }                                     |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                       | ]                                       |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                       | exprs:                                  |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                       | vertex_filter: player._tag IS NOT EMPTY |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                       | if_track_previous_path: false           |
-----+----------------+--------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------
|  1 | IndexScan      | 2            | {                                                                                                                                                                     | outputVar: {                            |
|    |                |              | ver: 0, rows: 52, execTime: 0us, totalTime: 1567us                                                                                                                    |   "colNames": [                         |
|    |                |              | "storaged1":9779 exec/total: 499(us)/1266(us)                                                                                                                         |     "_vid"                              |
|    |                |              | "storaged0":9779 exec/total: 441(us)/1321(us)                                                                                                                         |   ],                                    |
|    |                |              | storage_detail: {IndexLimitNode(limit=9223372036854775807):263(us),IndexProjectionNode(projectColumn=[_vid]):267(us),IndexVertexScanNode(IndexID=7, Path=()):271(us)} |   "type": "DATASET",                    |
|    |                |              | "storaged2":9779 exec/total: 487(us)/1256(us)                                                                                                                         |   "name": "__IndexScan_1"               |
|    |                |              | }                                                                                                                                                                     | }                                       |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                       | inputVar:                               |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                       | space: 2                                |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                       | dedup: false                            |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                       | limit: 9223372036854775807              |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                       | filter:                                 |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                       | orderBy: []                             |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                       | schemaId: 3                             |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                       | isEdge: false                           |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                       | returnCols: [                           |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                       |   "_vid"                                |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                       | ]                                       |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                       | indexCtx: [                             |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                       |   {                                     |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                       |     "columnHints": [],                  |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                       |     "filter": "",                       |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                       |     "index_id": 7                       |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                       |   }                                     |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                       | ]                                       |
-----+----------------+--------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------
|  2 | Start          |              | ver: 0, rows: 0, execTime: 0us, totalTime: 42us                                                                                                                       | outputVar: {                            |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                       |   "colNames": [],                       |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                       |   "type": "DATASET",                    |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                       |   "name": "__Start_2"                   |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                       | }                                       |
-----+----------------+--------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------

可以看出:

  • 捞数据的算子是 IndexScanLimit 并没有下推 limit: 9223372036854775807
  • 取得的数据行数是 rows: 52

由于当前 NebulaGraph 社区版并没有进行 MATCH 带索引查询的 Limit 下推,所以在社区版中这种无条件查询比有索引的情况下开销更加昂贵。

btw,MATCH 起点查询策略的代码在 src/graph/planner/PlannersRegister.cpp 中,如果你感兴趣的话可以去读读看。下面代码仅供参考:

void PlannersRegister::registerMatch() {
  auto& planners = Planner::plannersMap()[Sentence::Kind::kMatch];

  planners.emplace_back(&MatchPlanner::match, &MatchPlanner::make);

  auto& startVidFinders = StartVidFinder::finders();

  // MATCH(n) WHERE id(n) = value RETURN n
  startVidFinders.emplace_back(&VertexIdSeek::make);

  // MATCH (n)-[]-(l), (l)-[]-(m) return n,l,m
  // MATCH (n)-[]-(l) MATCH (l)-[]-(m) return n,l,m
  startVidFinders.emplace_back(&ArgumentFinder::make);

  // MATCH(n:Tag{prop:value}) RETURN n
  // MATCH(n:Tag) WHERE n.prop = value RETURN n
  startVidFinders.emplace_back(&PropIndexSeek::make);

  // seek by tag or edge(index)
  // MATCH(n: tag) RETURN n
  // MATCH(s)-[:edge]->(e) RETURN e
  startVidFinders.emplace_back(&LabelIndexSeek::make);

  // Scan the start vertex directly
  // Now we hard code the order of match rules before CBO,
  // put scan rule at the last for we assume it's most inefficient
  startVidFinders.emplace_back(&ScanSeek::make);
}
有索引查询,LIMIT 下推

值得庆幸的是,现在 LOOKUPMATCH 等价的查询中的索引查询算子是支持 Limit 下推的优化规则的:

(root@nebula) [basketballplayer]> PROFILE LOOKUP ON player YIELD id(vertex) AS n | LIMIT 1
+-------------+
| n           |
+-------------+
| "player114" |
+-------------+
Got 1 rows (time spent 9643/37744 us)

Execution Plan (optimize time 217 us)

-----+------------------+--------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------
| id | name             | dependencies | profiling data                                                                                                                                                    | operator info                     |
-----+------------------+--------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------
|  8 | Project          | 9            | ver: 0, rows: 1, execTime: 31us, totalTime: 33us                                                                                                                  | outputVar: {                      |
|    |                  |              |                                                                                                                                                                   |   "colNames": [                   |
|    |                  |              |                                                                                                                                                                   |     "n"                           |
|    |                  |              |                                                                                                                                                                   |   ],                              |
|    |                  |              |                                                                                                                                                                   |   "type": "DATASET",              |
|    |                  |              |                                                                                                                                                                   |   "name": "__DataCollect_4"       |
|    |                  |              |                                                                                                                                                                   | }                                 |
|    |                  |              |                                                                                                                                                                   | inputVar: __Limit_6               |
|    |                  |              |                                                                                                                                                                   | columns: [                        |
|    |                  |              |                                                                                                                                                                   |   "id(VERTEX) AS n"               |
|    |                  |              |                                                                                                                                                                   | ]                                 |
-----+------------------+--------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------
|  9 | Limit            | 10           | ver: 0, rows: 1, execTime: 42us, totalTime: 43us                                                                                                                  | outputVar: {                      |
|    |                  |              |                                                                                                                                                                   |   "colNames": [                   |
|    |                  |              |                                                                                                                                                                   |     "_vid",                       |
|    |                  |              |                                                                                                                                                                   |     "player._tag",                |
|    |                  |              |                                                                                                                                                                   |     "player.age",                 |
|    |                  |              |                                                                                                                                                                   |     "player.name"                 |
|    |                  |              |                                                                                                                                                                   |   ],                              |
|    |                  |              |                                                                                                                                                                   |   "type": "DATASET",              |
|    |                  |              |                                                                                                                                                                   |   "name": "__Limit_6"             |
|    |                  |              |                                                                                                                                                                   | }                                 |
|    |                  |              |                                                                                                                                                                   | inputVar: __TagIndexFullScan_10   |
|    |                  |              |                                                                                                                                                                   | offset: 0                         |
|    |                  |              |                                                                                                                                                                   | count: 1                          |
-----+------------------+--------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------
| 10 | TagIndexFullScan | 0            | {                                                                                                                                                                 | outputVar: {                      |
|    |                  |              | ver: 0, rows: 10, execTime: 0us, totalTime: 8540us                                                                                                                |   "colNames": [                   |
|    |                  |              | "storaged2":9779 exec/total: 369(us)/951(us)                                                                                                                      |     "_vid",                       |
|    |                  |              | "storaged1":9779 exec/total: 383(us)/8198(us)                                                                                                                     |     "player._tag",                |
|    |                  |              | "storaged0":9779 exec/total: 483(us)/1181(us)                                                                                                                     |     "player.age",                 |
|    |                  |              | storage_detail: {IndexLimitNode(limit=1):319(us),IndexProjectionNode(projectColumn=[_vid,_tag,age,name]):321(us),IndexVertexScanNode(IndexID=7, Path=()):346(us)} |     "player.name"                 |
|    |                  |              | }                                                                                                                                                                 |   ],                              |
|    |                  |              |                                                                                                                                                                   |   "type": "DATASET",              |
|    |                  |              |                                                                                                                                                                   |   "name": "__TagIndexFullScan_10" |
|    |                  |              |                                                                                                                                                                   | }                                 |
|    |                  |              |                                                                                                                                                                   | inputVar:                         |
|    |                  |              |                                                                                                                                                                   | space: 2                          |
|    |                  |              |                                                                                                                                                                   | dedup: false                      |
|    |                  |              |                                                                                                                                                                   | limit: 1                          |
|    |                  |              |                                                                                                                                                                   | filter:                           |
|    |                  |              |                                                                                                                                                                   | orderBy: []                       |
|    |                  |              |                                                                                                                                                                   | schemaId: 3                       |
|    |                  |              |                                                                                                                                                                   | isEdge: false                     |
|    |                  |              |                                                                                                                                                                   | returnCols: [                     |
|    |                  |              |                                                                                                                                                                   |   "_vid",                         |
|    |                  |              |                                                                                                                                                                   |   "_tag",                         |
|    |                  |              |                                                                                                                                                                   |   "age",                          |
|    |                  |              |                                                                                                                                                                   |   "name"                          |
|    |                  |              |                                                                                                                                                                   | ]                                 |
|    |                  |              |                                                                                                                                                                   | indexCtx: [                       |
|    |                  |              |                                                                                                                                                                   |   {                               |
|    |                  |              |                                                                                                                                                                   |     "columnHints": [],            |
|    |                  |              |                                                                                                                                                                   |     "filter": "",                 |
|    |                  |              |                                                                                                                                                                   |     "index_id": 7                 |
|    |                  |              |                                                                                                                                                                   |   }                               |
|    |                  |              |                                                                                                                                                                   | ]                                 |
-----+------------------+--------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------
|  0 | Start            |              | ver: 0, rows: 0, execTime: 0us, totalTime: 22us                                                                                                                   | outputVar: {                      |
|    |                  |              |                                                                                                                                                                   |   "colNames": [],                 |
|    |                  |              |                                                                                                                                                                   |   "type": "DATASET",              |
|    |                  |              |                                                                                                                                                                   |   "name": "__Start_0"             |
|    |                  |              |                                                                                                                                                                   | }                                 |
-----+------------------+--------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------

我们可以看到:

  • 数据捞取算子是 TagIndexFullScan,有 limit:1 下推
  • 因为索引扫描是所有分区 fan-out 扫描(区别于 ScanVertices 只是所有 storage 扫描,LOOKUP 的算子扫得更细),这里 limit:1 下推扫得的数据量是 rows: 10

综上,我们对“无 VID 的起点查询”的不同情况有了更具体的认识。

观察 filter 下推

我们先来看看这个查询,它沿着指定起点向外做图扩展,根据边的属性条件过滤,返回目的点 ID:

GO FROM "player100" OVER follow WHERE properties(edge).degree > 1 YIELD follow._dst

它的执行计划是:

(root@nebula) [basketballplayer]> explain GO FROM "player100" OVER follow WHERE properties(edge).degree > 1 YIELD follow._dst
Execution succeeded (time spent 959/7917 us)

Execution Plan (optimize time 369 us)

-----+--------------+--------------+----------------+-----------------------------------------
| id | name         | dependencies | profiling data | operator info                          |
-----+--------------+--------------+----------------+-----------------------------------------
|  3 | Project      | 2            |                | outputVar: {                           |
|    |              |              |                |   "colNames": [                        |
|    |              |              |                |     "follow._dst"                      |
|    |              |              |                |   ],                                   |
|    |              |              |                |   "type": "DATASET",                   |
|    |              |              |                |   "name": "__Project_3"                |
|    |              |              |                | }                                      |
|    |              |              |                | inputVar: __Filter_2                   |
|    |              |              |                | columns: [                             |
|    |              |              |                |   "follow._dst"                        |
|    |              |              |                | ]                                      |
-----+--------------+--------------+----------------+-----------------------------------------
|  2 | Filter       | 1            |                | outputVar: {                           |
|    |              |              |                |   "colNames": [],                      |
|    |              |              |                |   "type": "DATASET",                   |
|    |              |              |                |   "name": "__Filter_2"                 |
|    |              |              |                | }                                      |
|    |              |              |                | inputVar: __GetNeighbors_1             |
|    |              |              |                | condition: (properties(EDGE).degree>1) |
|    |              |              |                | isStable: false                        |
-----+--------------+--------------+----------------+-----------------------------------------
|  1 | GetNeighbors | 0            |                | outputVar: {                           |
|    |              |              |                |   "colNames": [],                      |
|    |              |              |                |   "type": "DATASET",                   |
|    |              |              |                |   "name": "__GetNeighbors_1"           |
|    |              |              |                | }                                      |
|    |              |              |                | inputVar: __VAR_0                      |
|    |              |              |                | space: 49                              |
|    |              |              |                | dedup: false                           |
|    |              |              |                | limit: -1                              |
|    |              |              |                | filter:                                |
|    |              |              |                | orderBy: []                            |
|    |              |              |                | src: COLUMN[0]                         |
|    |              |              |                | edgeTypes: []                          |
|    |              |              |                | edgeDirection: OUT_EDGE                |
|    |              |              |                | vertexProps:                           |
|    |              |              |                | edgeProps: [                           |
|    |              |              |                |   {                                    |
|    |              |              |                |     "props": [                         |
|    |              |              |                |       "_dst",                          |
|    |              |              |                |       "_rank",                         |
|    |              |              |                |       "_src",                          |
|    |              |              |                |       "_type",                         |
|    |              |              |                |       "degree"                         |
|    |              |              |                |     ],                                 |
|    |              |              |                |     "type": 53                         |
|    |              |              |                |   }                                    |
|    |              |              |                | ]                                      |
|    |              |              |                | statProps:                             |
|    |              |              |                | exprs:                                 |
|    |              |              |                | random: false                          |
-----+--------------+--------------+----------------+-----------------------------------------
|  0 | Start        |              |                | outputVar: {                           |
|    |              |              |                |   "colNames": [],                      |
|    |              |              |                |   "type": "DATASET",                   |
|    |              |              |                |   "name": "__Start_0"                  |
|    |              |              |                | }                                      |
-----+--------------+--------------+----------------+-----------------------------------------

可以看到,这个计划里,GetNeighboors 算子取得了所有的 player100 的出边(以及边属性),然后再通过单独 filter 算子。

我们关注:

  • filter:是空的
  • properties(EDGE).degree>1 作为 filter 算子的条件。

这里,我们有没有可能把 filter 下推呢?答案是可以的,只要在 WHERE 条件中提供边类型的信息,优化条件就可以把它下推到 GetNeighbors 算子:

(root@nebula) [basketballplayer]> explain GO FROM "player100" OVER follow WHERE follow.degree > 1 YIELD follow._dst
Execution succeeded (time spent 664/6650 us)

Execution Plan (optimize time 161 us)

-----+--------------+--------------+----------------+----------------------------
| id | name         | dependencies | profiling data | operator info             |
-----+--------------+--------------+----------------+----------------------------
|  3 | Project      | 4            |                | outputVar: {              |
|    |              |              |                |   "colNames": [           |
|    |              |              |                |     "follow._dst"         |
|    |              |              |                |   ],                      |
|    |              |              |                |   "type": "DATASET",      |
|    |              |              |                |   "name": "__Project_3"   |
|    |              |              |                | }                         |
|    |              |              |                | inputVar: __Filter_2      |
|    |              |              |                | columns: [                |
|    |              |              |                |   "follow._dst"           |
|    |              |              |                | ]                         |
-----+--------------+--------------+----------------+----------------------------
|  4 | GetNeighbors | 0            |                | outputVar: {              |
|    |              |              |                |   "colNames": [],         |
|    |              |              |                |   "type": "DATASET",      |
|    |              |              |                |   "name": "__Filter_2"    |
|    |              |              |                | }                         |
|    |              |              |                | inputVar: __VAR_0         |
|    |              |              |                | space: 49                 |
|    |              |              |                | dedup: false              |
|    |              |              |                | limit: -1                 |
|    |              |              |                | filter: (follow.degree>1) |
|    |              |              |                | orderBy: []               |
|    |              |              |                | src: COLUMN[0]            |
|    |              |              |                | edgeTypes: []             |
|    |              |              |                | edgeDirection: OUT_EDGE   |
|    |              |              |                | vertexProps:              |
|    |              |              |                | edgeProps: [              |
|    |              |              |                |   {                       |
|    |              |              |                |     "props": [            |
|    |              |              |                |       "_dst",             |
|    |              |              |                |       "degree"            |
|    |              |              |                |     ],                    |
|    |              |              |                |     "type": 53            |
|    |              |              |                |   }                       |
|    |              |              |                | ]                         |
|    |              |              |                | statProps:                |
|    |              |              |                | exprs:                    |
|    |              |              |                | random: false             |
-----+--------------+--------------+----------------+----------------------------
|  0 | Start        |              |                | outputVar: {              |
|    |              |              |                |   "colNames": [],         |
|    |              |              |                |   "type": "DATASET",      |
|    |              |              |                |   "name": "__Start_0"     |
|    |              |              |                | }                         |
-----+--------------+--------------+----------------+----------------------------

这时候 WHERE follow.degree > 1 把 follow 这个信息传递给了优化规则,让它可以:

  • GetNeighbors 算子里提供 filter: (follow.degree>1) 的信息
  • 去掉 filter 算子

这样,优化之后的查询不仅少了一个 graphd 里的算子执行过程,GetNeighbors 捞取的数据也因为传递了 filter 参数涉及的数据可能比全量的数据少了。

通过这个例子,我们可以推断出这样的一个规律:显式表达尽可能多的已知信息往往是有帮助的。在做规则优化、数据查询时,模糊查询常常是更昂贵的,确定的信息会带来更多的剪枝、过滤、短路,并且这些信息在查询中越明确、越早提供性能也会越好。

下面是另一个例子:

优化原则:减少模糊,增加确定,越早越好

这里我给出两对比较查询:

  1. GO FROM "player100" OVER follow YIELD dst(edge) 对比 GO FROM "player100" OVER follow YIELD follow._dst
  2. MATCH (:player)-[e]-(:player) RETURN eMATCH (:player)-[e:follow]-(:player) RETURN e
(root@nebula) [basketballplayer]> explain GO FROM "player100" OVER follow YIELD dst(edge)
Execution succeeded (time spent 600/7625 us)

Execution Plan (optimize time 101 us)

-----+--------------+--------------+----------------+-------------------------------
| id | name         | dependencies | profiling data | operator info                |
-----+--------------+--------------+----------------+-------------------------------
|  2 | Project      | 1            |                | outputVar: {                 |
|    |              |              |                |   "colNames": [              |
|    |              |              |                |     "dst(EDGE)"              |
|    |              |              |                |   ],                         |
|    |              |              |                |   "type": "DATASET",         |
|    |              |              |                |   "name": "__Project_2"      |
|    |              |              |                | }                            |
|    |              |              |                | inputVar: __GetNeighbors_1   |
|    |              |              |                | columns: [                   |
|    |              |              |                |   "dst(EDGE)"                |
|    |              |              |                | ]                            |
-----+--------------+--------------+----------------+-------------------------------
|  1 | GetNeighbors | 0            |                | outputVar: {                 |
|    |              |              |                |   "colNames": [],            |
|    |              |              |                |   "type": "DATASET",         |
|    |              |              |                |   "name": "__GetNeighbors_1" |
|    |              |              |                | }                            |
|    |              |              |                | inputVar: __VAR_0            |
|    |              |              |                | space: 49                    |
|    |              |              |                | dedup: false                 |
|    |              |              |                | limit: -1                    |
|    |              |              |                | filter:                      |
|    |              |              |                | orderBy: []                  |
|    |              |              |                | src: COLUMN[0]               |
|    |              |              |                | edgeTypes: []                |
|    |              |              |                | edgeDirection: OUT_EDGE      |
|    |              |              |                | vertexProps:                 |
|    |              |              |                | edgeProps: [                 |
|    |              |              |                |   {                          |
|    |              |              |                |     "props": [               |
|    |              |              |                |       "_dst",                |
|    |              |              |                |       "_rank",               |
|    |              |              |                |       "_src",                |
|    |              |              |                |       "_type",               |
|    |              |              |                |       "degree"               |
|    |              |              |                |     ],                       |
|    |              |              |                |     "type": 53               |
|    |              |              |                |   }                          |
|    |              |              |                | ]                            |
|    |              |              |                | statProps:                   |
|    |              |              |                | exprs:                       |
|    |              |              |                | random: false                |
-----+--------------+--------------+----------------+-------------------------------
|  0 | Start        |              |                | outputVar: {                 |
|    |              |              |                |   "colNames": [],            |
|    |              |              |                |   "type": "DATASET",         |
|    |              |              |                |   "name": "__Start_0"        |
|    |              |              |                | }                            |
-----+--------------+--------------+----------------+-------------------------------

Tue, 13 Sep 2022 14:27:27 CST

(root@nebula) [basketballplayer]> explain GO FROM "player100" OVER follow YIELD follow._dst
Execution succeeded (time spent 549/5971 us)

Execution Plan (optimize time 91 us)

-----+--------------+--------------+----------------+-------------------------------
| id | name         | dependencies | profiling data | operator info                |
-----+--------------+--------------+----------------+-------------------------------
|  2 | Project      | 1            |                | outputVar: {                 |
|    |              |              |                |   "colNames": [              |
|    |              |              |                |     "follow._dst"            |
|    |              |              |                |   ],                         |
|    |              |              |                |   "type": "DATASET",         |
|    |              |              |                |   "name": "__Project_2"      |
|    |              |              |                | }                            |
|    |              |              |                | inputVar: __GetNeighbors_1   |
|    |              |              |                | columns: [                   |
|    |              |              |                |   "follow._dst"              |
|    |              |              |                | ]                            |
-----+--------------+--------------+----------------+-------------------------------
|  1 | GetNeighbors | 0            |                | outputVar: {                 |
|    |              |              |                |   "colNames": [],            |
|    |              |              |                |   "type": "DATASET",         |
|    |              |              |                |   "name": "__GetNeighbors_1" |
|    |              |              |                | }                            |
|    |              |              |                | inputVar: __VAR_0            |
|    |              |              |                | space: 49                    |
|    |              |              |                | dedup: false                 |
|    |              |              |                | limit: -1                    |
|    |              |              |                | filter:                      |
|    |              |              |                | orderBy: []                  |
|    |              |              |                | src: COLUMN[0]               |
|    |              |              |                | edgeTypes: []                |
|    |              |              |                | edgeDirection: OUT_EDGE      |
|    |              |              |                | vertexProps:                 |
|    |              |              |                | edgeProps: [                 |
|    |              |              |                |   {                          |
|    |              |              |                |     "props": [               |
|    |              |              |                |       "_dst"                 |
|    |              |              |                |     ],                       |
|    |              |              |                |     "type": 53               |
|    |              |              |                |   }                          |
|    |              |              |                | ]                            |
|    |              |              |                | statProps:                   |
|    |              |              |                | exprs:                       |
|    |              |              |                | random: false                |
-----+--------------+--------------+----------------+-------------------------------
|  0 | Start        |              |                | outputVar: {                 |
|    |              |              |                |   "colNames": [],            |
|    |              |              |                |   "type": "DATASET",         |
|    |              |              |                |   "name": "__Start_0"        |
|    |              |              |                | }                            |
-----+--------------+--------------+----------------+-------------------------------

Tue, 13 Sep 2022 14:27:42 CST

在 1. 中,两条语句的差异不是前面例子的算子不同,而是算子传递的数据量有不同:dst(edge) 语句中没有指定 edge 的类型,对整个 edge 做了函数 dst() 运算,这使得 GetNeighbors 算子的 edgeProps 输出是所有的属性——_dst_rank_src_typedegree;反观 follow._dst 的表达使得 edgeProps 输出只有边的 _dst,这印证了在已知返回 follow 边属性的情况下,提前(而不是等到语句解析到 dst(edge) 之后)且直接用 follow._dst 表达带来了数据传输上的优化。

(root@nebula) [basketballplayer]> explain MATCH (:player)-[e]-(:player) RETURN e
Execution succeeded (time spent 1122/10251 us)

Execution Plan (optimize time 287 us)

-----+----------------+--------------+----------------+----------------------------------------------
| id | name           | dependencies | profiling data | operator info                               |
-----+----------------+--------------+----------------+----------------------------------------------
|  7 | Project        | 9            |                | outputVar: {                                |
|    |                |              |                |   "colNames": [                             |
|    |                |              |                |     "e"                                     |
|    |                |              |                |   ],                                        |
|    |                |              |                |   "type": "DATASET",                        |
|    |                |              |                |   "name": "__Project_6"                     |
|    |                |              |                | }                                           |
|    |                |              |                | inputVar: __AppendVertices_4                |
|    |                |              |                | columns: [                                  |
|    |                |              |                |   "$-.e[0] AS e"                            |
|    |                |              |                | ]                                           |
-----+----------------+--------------+----------------+----------------------------------------------
|  9 | AppendVertices | 8            |                | outputVar: {                                |
|    |                |              |                |   "colNames": [                             |
|    |                |              |                |     "__VAR_0",                              |
|    |                |              |                |     "e",                                    |
|    |                |              |                |     "__VAR_1"                               |
|    |                |              |                |   ],                                        |
|    |                |              |                |   "type": "DATASET",                        |
|    |                |              |                |   "name": "__AppendVertices_4"              |
|    |                |              |                | }                                           |
|    |                |              |                | inputVar: __Traverse_3                      |
|    |                |              |                | space: 49                                   |
|    |                |              |                | dedup: true                                 |
|    |                |              |                | limit: -1                                   |
|    |                |              |                | filter: player._tag IS NOT EMPTY            |
|    |                |              |                | orderBy: []                                 |
|    |                |              |                | src: none_direct_dst($-.e)                  |
|    |                |              |                | props: [                                    |
|    |                |              |                |   {                                         |
|    |                |              |                |     "props": [                              |
|    |                |              |                |       "name",                               |
|    |                |              |                |       "age",                                |
|    |                |              |                |       "_tag"                                |
|    |                |              |                |     ],                                      |
|    |                |              |                |     "tagId": 59                             |
|    |                |              |                |   },                                        |
|    |                |              |                |   {                                         |
|    |                |              |                |     "props": [                              |
|    |                |              |                |       "geo",                                |
|    |                |              |                |       "_tag"                                |
|    |                |              |                |     ],                                      |
|    |                |              |                |     "tagId": 60                             |
|    |                |              |                |   },                                        |
|    |                |              |                |   {                                         |
|    |                |              |                |     "props": [                              |
|    |                |              |                |       "name",                               |
|    |                |              |                |       "age",                                |
|    |                |              |                |       "_tag"                                |
|    |                |              |                |     ],                                      |
|    |                |              |                |     "tagId": 50                             |
|    |                |              |                |   },                                        |
|    |                |              |                |   {                                         |
|    |                |              |                |     "props": [                              |
|    |                |              |                |       "name",                               |
|    |                |              |                |       "email",                              |
|    |                |              |                |       "phone_num",                          |
|    |                |              |                |       "birthday",                           |
|    |                |              |                |       "address",                            |
|    |                |              |                |       "_tag"                                |
|    |                |              |                |     ],                                      |
|    |                |              |                |     "tagId": 61                             |
|    |                |              |                |   },                                        |
|    |                |              |                |   {                                         |
|    |                |              |                |     "props": [                              |
|    |                |              |                |       "name",                               |
|    |                |              |                |       "_tag"                                |
|    |                |              |                |     ],                                      |
|    |                |              |                |     "tagId": 51                             |
|    |                |              |                |   },                                        |
|    |                |              |                |   {                                         |
|    |                |              |                |     "props": [                              |
|    |                |              |                |       "address",                            |
|    |                |              |                |       "_tag"                                |
|    |                |              |                |     ],                                      |
|    |                |              |                |     "tagId": 62                             |
|    |                |              |                |   },                                        |
|    |                |              |                |   {                                         |
|    |                |              |                |     "props": [                              |
|    |                |              |                |       "uuid",                               |
|    |                |              |                |       "_tag"                                |
|    |                |              |                |     ],                                      |
|    |                |              |                |     "tagId": 63                             |
|    |                |              |                |   },                                        |
|    |                |              |                |   {                                         |
|    |                |              |                |     "props": [                              |
|    |                |              |                |       "_tag"                                |
|    |                |              |                |     ],                                      |
|    |                |              |                |     "tagId": 64                             |
|    |                |              |                |   },                                        |
|    |                |              |                |   {                                         |
|    |                |              |                |     "props": [                              |
|    |                |              |                |       "_tag"                                |
|    |                |              |                |     ],                                      |
|    |                |              |                |     "tagId": 65                             |
|    |                |              |                |   },                                        |
|    |                |              |                |   {                                         |
|    |                |              |                |     "props": [                              |
|    |                |              |                |       "_tag"                                |
|    |                |              |                |     ],                                      |
|    |                |              |                |     "tagId": 66                             |
|    |                |              |                |   }                                         |
|    |                |              |                | ]                                           |
|    |                |              |                | exprs:                                      |
|    |                |              |                | vertex_filter:                              |
|    |                |              |                | if_track_previous_path: true                |
-----+----------------+--------------+----------------+----------------------------------------------
|  8 | Traverse       | 1            |                | outputVar: {                                |
|    |                |              |                |   "colNames": [                             |
|    |                |              |                |     "__VAR_0",                              |
|    |                |              |                |     "e"                                     |
|    |                |              |                |   ],                                        |
|    |                |              |                |   "type": "DATASET",                        |
|    |                |              |                |   "name": "__Traverse_3"                    |
|    |                |              |                | }                                           |
|    |                |              |                | inputVar: __IndexScan_1                     |
|    |                |              |                | space: 49                                   |
|    |                |              |                | dedup: true                                 |
|    |                |              |                | limit: -1                                   |
|    |                |              |                | filter:                                     |
|    |                |              |                | orderBy: []                                 |
|    |                |              |                | src: $_vid                                  |
|    |                |              |                | edgeTypes: []                               |
|    |                |              |                | edgeDirection: BOTH                         |
|    |                |              |                | vertexProps:                                |
|    |                |              |                | edgeProps: [                                |
|    |                |              |                |   {                                         |
|    |                |              |                |     "props": [                              |
|    |                |              |                |       "_src",                               |
|    |                |              |                |       "_type",                              |
|    |                |              |                |       "_rank",                              |
|    |                |              |                |       "_dst"                                |
|    |                |              |                |     ],                                      |
|    |                |              |                |     "type": -71                             |
|    |                |              |                |   },                                        |
|    |                |              |                |   {                                         |
|    |                |              |                |     "props": [                              |
|    |                |              |                |       "_src",                               |
|    |                |              |                |       "_type",                              |
|    |                |              |                |       "_rank",                              |
|    |                |              |                |       "_dst"                                |
|    |                |              |                |     ],                                      |
|    |                |              |                |     "type": 71                              |
|    |                |              |                |   },                                        |
|    |                |              |                |   {                                         |
|    |                |              |                |     "props": [                              |
|    |                |              |                |       "_src",                               |
|    |                |              |                |       "_type",                              |
|    |                |              |                |       "_rank",                              |
|    |                |              |                |       "_dst"                                |
|    |                |              |                |     ],                                      |
|    |                |              |                |     "type": -70                             |
|    |                |              |                |   },                                        |
|    |                |              |                |   {                                         |
|    |                |              |                |     "props": [                              |
|    |                |              |                |       "_src",                               |
|    |                |              |                |       "_type",                              |
|    |                |              |                |       "_rank",                              |
|    |                |              |                |       "_dst"                                |
|    |                |              |                |     ],                                      |
|    |                |              |                |     "type": 70                              |
|    |                |              |                |   },                                        |
|    |                |              |                |   {                                         |
|    |                |              |                |     "props": [                              |
|    |                |              |                |       "_src",                               |
|    |                |              |                |       "_type",                              |
|    |                |              |                |       "_rank",                              |
|    |                |              |                |       "_dst",                               |
|    |                |              |                |       "degree"                              |
|    |                |              |                |     ],                                      |
|    |                |              |                |     "type": -53                             |
|    |                |              |                |   },                                        |
|    |                |              |                |   {                                         |
|    |                |              |                |     "props": [                              |
|    |                |              |                |       "_src",                               |
|    |                |              |                |       "_type",                              |
|    |                |              |                |       "_rank",                              |
|    |                |              |                |       "_dst",                               |
|    |                |              |                |       "degree"                              |
|    |                |              |                |     ],                                      |
|    |                |              |                |     "type": 53                              |
|    |                |              |                |   },                                        |
|    |                |              |                |   {                                         |
|    |                |              |                |     "props": [                              |
|    |                |              |                |       "_src",                               |
|    |                |              |                |       "_type",                              |
|    |                |              |                |       "_rank",                              |
|    |                |              |                |       "_dst",                               |
|    |                |              |                |       "time"                                |
|    |                |              |                |     ],                                      |
|    |                |              |                |     "type": -68                             |
|    |                |              |                |   },                                        |
|    |                |              |                |   {                                         |
|    |                |              |                |     "props": [                              |
|    |                |              |                |       "_src",                               |
|    |                |              |                |       "_type",                              |
|    |                |              |                |       "_rank",                              |
|    |                |              |                |       "_dst",                               |
|    |                |              |                |       "time"                                |
|    |                |              |                |     ],                                      |
|    |                |              |                |     "type": 68                              |
|    |                |              |                |   },                                        |
|    |                |              |                |   {                                         |
|    |                |              |                |     "props": [                              |
|    |                |              |                |       "_src",                               |
|    |                |              |                |       "_type",                              |
|    |                |              |                |       "_rank",                              |
|    |                |              |                |       "_dst",                               |
|    |                |              |                |       "start_year",                         |
|    |                |              |                |       "end_year"                            |
|    |                |              |                |     ],                                      |
|    |                |              |                |     "type": -52                             |
|    |                |              |                |   },                                        |
|    |                |              |                |   {                                         |
|    |                |              |                |     "props": [                              |
|    |                |              |                |       "_src",                               |
|    |                |              |                |       "_type",                              |
|    |                |              |                |       "_rank",                              |
|    |                |              |                |       "_dst",                               |
|    |                |              |                |       "start_year",                         |
|    |                |              |                |       "end_year"                            |
|    |                |              |                |     ],                                      |
|    |                |              |                |     "type": 52                              |
|    |                |              |                |   },                                        |
|    |                |              |                |   {                                         |
|    |                |              |                |     "props": [                              |
|    |                |              |                |       "_src",                               |
|    |                |              |                |       "_type",                              |
|    |                |              |                |       "_rank",                              |
|    |                |              |                |       "_dst",                               |
|    |                |              |                |       "time"                                |
|    |                |              |                |     ],                                      |
|    |                |              |                |     "type": -67                             |
|    |                |              |                |   },                                        |
|    |                |              |                |   {                                         |
|    |                |              |                |     "props": [                              |
|    |                |              |                |       "_src",                               |
|    |                |              |                |       "_type",                              |
|    |                |              |                |       "_rank",                              |
|    |                |              |                |       "_dst",                               |
|    |                |              |                |       "time"                                |
|    |                |              |                |     ],                                      |
|    |                |              |                |     "type": 67                              |
|    |                |              |                |   },                                        |
|    |                |              |                |   {                                         |
|    |                |              |                |     "props": [                              |
|    |                |              |                |       "_src",                               |
|    |                |              |                |       "_type",                              |
|    |                |              |                |       "_rank",                              |
|    |                |              |                |       "_dst"                                |
|    |                |              |                |     ],                                      |
|    |                |              |                |     "type": -69                             |
|    |                |              |                |   },                                        |
|    |                |              |                |   {                                         |
|    |                |              |                |     "props": [                              |
|    |                |              |                |       "_src",                               |
|    |                |              |                |       "_type",                              |
|    |                |              |                |       "_rank",                              |
|    |                |              |                |       "_dst"                                |
|    |                |              |                |     ],                                      |
|    |                |              |                |     "type": 69                              |
|    |                |              |                |   }                                         |
|    |                |              |                | ]                                           |
|    |                |              |                | statProps:                                  |
|    |                |              |                | exprs:                                      |
|    |                |              |                | random: false                               |
|    |                |              |                | steps:                                      |
|    |                |              |                | vertex filter:                              |
|    |                |              |                | edge filter:                                |
|    |                |              |                | if_track_previous_path: false               |
|    |                |              |                | first step filter: player._tag IS NOT EMPTY |
-----+----------------+--------------+----------------+----------------------------------------------
|  1 | IndexScan      | 2            |                | outputVar: {                                |
|    |                |              |                |   "colNames": [                             |
|    |                |              |                |     "_vid"                                  |
|    |                |              |                |   ],                                        |
|    |                |              |                |   "type": "DATASET",                        |
|    |                |              |                |   "name": "__IndexScan_1"                   |
|    |                |              |                | }                                           |
|    |                |              |                | inputVar:                                   |
|    |                |              |                | space: 49                                   |
|    |                |              |                | dedup: false                                |
|    |                |              |                | limit: 9223372036854775807                  |
|    |                |              |                | filter:                                     |
|    |                |              |                | orderBy: []                                 |
|    |                |              |                | schemaId: 50                                |
|    |                |              |                | isEdge: false                               |
|    |                |              |                | returnCols: [                               |
|    |                |              |                |   "_vid"                                    |
|    |                |              |                | ]                                           |
|    |                |              |                | indexCtx: [                                 |
|    |                |              |                |   {                                         |
|    |                |              |                |     "columnHints": [],                      |
|    |                |              |                |     "filter": "",                           |
|    |                |              |                |     "index_id": 54                          |
|    |                |              |                |   }                                         |
|    |                |              |                | ]                                           |
-----+----------------+--------------+----------------+----------------------------------------------
|  2 | Start          |              |                | outputVar: {                                |
|    |                |              |                |   "colNames": [],                           |
|    |                |              |                |   "type": "DATASET",                        |
|    |                |              |                |   "name": "__Start_2"                       |
|    |                |              |                | }                                           |
-----+----------------+--------------+----------------+----------------------------------------------

Tue, 13 Sep 2022 14:38:31 CST

(root@nebula) [basketballplayer]> explain MATCH (:player)-[e:follow]-(:player) RETURN e
Execution succeeded (time spent 936/7830 us)

Execution Plan (optimize time 284 us)

-----+----------------+--------------+----------------+----------------------------------------------
| id | name           | dependencies | profiling data | operator info                               |
-----+----------------+--------------+----------------+----------------------------------------------
|  7 | Project        | 9            |                | outputVar: {                                |
|    |                |              |                |   "colNames": [                             |
|    |                |              |                |     "e"                                     |
|    |                |              |                |   ],                                        |
|    |                |              |                |   "type": "DATASET",                        |
|    |                |              |                |   "name": "__Project_6"                     |
|    |                |              |                | }                                           |
|    |                |              |                | inputVar: __AppendVertices_4                |
|    |                |              |                | columns: [                                  |
|    |                |              |                |   "$-.e[0] AS e"                            |
|    |                |              |                | ]                                           |
-----+----------------+--------------+----------------+----------------------------------------------
|  9 | AppendVertices | 8            |                | outputVar: {                                |
|    |                |              |                |   "colNames": [                             |
|    |                |              |                |     "__VAR_0",                              |
|    |                |              |                |     "e",                                    |
|    |                |              |                |     "__VAR_1"                               |
|    |                |              |                |   ],                                        |
|    |                |              |                |   "type": "DATASET",                        |
|    |                |              |                |   "name": "__AppendVertices_4"              |
|    |                |              |                | }                                           |
|    |                |              |                | inputVar: __Traverse_3                      |
|    |                |              |                | space: 49                                   |
|    |                |              |                | dedup: true                                 |
|    |                |              |                | limit: -1                                   |
|    |                |              |                | filter: player._tag IS NOT EMPTY            |
|    |                |              |                | orderBy: []                                 |
|    |                |              |                | src: none_direct_dst($-.e)                  |
|    |                |              |                | props: [                                    |
|    |                |              |                |   {                                         |
|    |                |              |                |     "props": [                              |
|    |                |              |                |       "name",                               |
|    |                |              |                |       "age",                                |
|    |                |              |                |       "_tag"                                |
|    |                |              |                |     ],                                      |
|    |                |              |                |     "tagId": 59                             |
|    |                |              |                |   },                                        |
|    |                |              |                |   {                                         |
|    |                |              |                |     "props": [                              |
|    |                |              |                |       "geo",                                |
|    |                |              |                |       "_tag"                                |
|    |                |              |                |     ],                                      |
|    |                |              |                |     "tagId": 60                             |
|    |                |              |                |   },                                        |
|    |                |              |                |   {                                         |
|    |                |              |                |     "props": [                              |
|    |                |              |                |       "name",                               |
|    |                |              |                |       "age",                                |
|    |                |              |                |       "_tag"                                |
|    |                |              |                |     ],                                      |
|    |                |              |                |     "tagId": 50                             |
|    |                |              |                |   },                                        |
|    |                |              |                |   {                                         |
|    |                |              |                |     "props": [                              |
|    |                |              |                |       "name",                               |
|    |                |              |                |       "email",                              |
|    |                |              |                |       "phone_num",                          |
|    |                |              |                |       "birthday",                           |
|    |                |              |                |       "address",                            |
|    |                |              |                |       "_tag"                                |
|    |                |              |                |     ],                                      |
|    |                |              |                |     "tagId": 61                             |
|    |                |              |                |   },                                        |
|    |                |              |                |   {                                         |
|    |                |              |                |     "props": [                              |
|    |                |              |                |       "name",                               |
|    |                |              |                |       "_tag"                                |
|    |                |              |                |     ],                                      |
|    |                |              |                |     "tagId": 51                             |
|    |                |              |                |   },                                        |
|    |                |              |                |   {                                         |
|    |                |              |                |     "props": [                              |
|    |                |              |                |       "address",                            |
|    |                |              |                |       "_tag"                                |
|    |                |              |                |     ],                                      |
|    |                |              |                |     "tagId": 62                             |
|    |                |              |                |   },                                        |
|    |                |              |                |   {                                         |
|    |                |              |                |     "props": [                              |
|    |                |              |                |       "uuid",                               |
|    |                |              |                |       "_tag"                                |
|    |                |              |                |     ],                                      |
|    |                |              |                |     "tagId": 63                             |
|    |                |              |                |   },                                        |
|    |                |              |                |   {                                         |
|    |                |              |                |     "props": [                              |
|    |                |              |                |       "_tag"                                |
|    |                |              |                |     ],                                      |
|    |                |              |                |     "tagId": 64                             |
|    |                |              |                |   },                                        |
|    |                |              |                |   {                                         |
|    |                |              |                |     "props": [                              |
|    |                |              |                |       "_tag"                                |
|    |                |              |                |     ],                                      |
|    |                |              |                |     "tagId": 65                             |
|    |                |              |                |   },                                        |
|    |                |              |                |   {                                         |
|    |                |              |                |     "props": [                              |
|    |                |              |                |       "_tag"                                |
|    |                |              |                |     ],                                      |
|    |                |              |                |     "tagId": 66                             |
|    |                |              |                |   }                                         |
|    |                |              |                | ]                                           |
|    |                |              |                | exprs:                                      |
|    |                |              |                | vertex_filter:                              |
|    |                |              |                | if_track_previous_path: true                |
-----+----------------+--------------+----------------+----------------------------------------------
|  8 | Traverse       | 1            |                | outputVar: {                                |
|    |                |              |                |   "colNames": [                             |
|    |                |              |                |     "__VAR_0",                              |
|    |                |              |                |     "e"                                     |
|    |                |              |                |   ],                                        |
|    |                |              |                |   "type": "DATASET",                        |
|    |                |              |                |   "name": "__Traverse_3"                    |
|    |                |              |                | }                                           |
|    |                |              |                | inputVar: __IndexScan_1                     |
|    |                |              |                | space: 49                                   |
|    |                |              |                | dedup: true                                 |
|    |                |              |                | limit: -1                                   |
|    |                |              |                | filter:                                     |
|    |                |              |                | orderBy: []                                 |
|    |                |              |                | src: $_vid                                  |
|    |                |              |                | edgeTypes: []                               |
|    |                |              |                | edgeDirection: BOTH                         |
|    |                |              |                | vertexProps:                                |
|    |                |              |                | edgeProps: [                                |
|    |                |              |                |   {                                         |
|    |                |              |                |     "props": [                              |
|    |                |              |                |       "_src",                               |
|    |                |              |                |       "_type",                              |
|    |                |              |                |       "_rank",                              |
|    |                |              |                |       "_dst",                               |
|    |                |              |                |       "degree"                              |
|    |                |              |                |     ],                                      |
|    |                |              |                |     "type": -53                             |
|    |                |              |                |   },                                        |
|    |                |              |                |   {                                         |
|    |                |              |                |     "props": [                              |
|    |                |              |                |       "_src",                               |
|    |                |              |                |       "_type",                              |
|    |                |              |                |       "_rank",                              |
|    |                |              |                |       "_dst",                               |
|    |                |              |                |       "degree"                              |
|    |                |              |                |     ],                                      |
|    |                |              |                |     "type": 53                              |
|    |                |              |                |   }                                         |
|    |                |              |                | ]                                           |
|    |                |              |                | statProps:                                  |
|    |                |              |                | exprs:                                      |
|    |                |              |                | random: false                               |
|    |                |              |                | steps:                                      |
|    |                |              |                | vertex filter:                              |
|    |                |              |                | edge filter:                                |
|    |                |              |                | if_track_previous_path: false               |
|    |                |              |                | first step filter: player._tag IS NOT EMPTY |
-----+----------------+--------------+----------------+----------------------------------------------
|  1 | IndexScan      | 2            |                | outputVar: {                                |
|    |                |              |                |   "colNames": [                             |
|    |                |              |                |     "_vid"                                  |
|    |                |              |                |   ],                                        |
|    |                |              |                |   "type": "DATASET",                        |
|    |                |              |                |   "name": "__IndexScan_1"                   |
|    |                |              |                | }                                           |
|    |                |              |                | inputVar:                                   |
|    |                |              |                | space: 49                                   |
|    |                |              |                | dedup: false                                |
|    |                |              |                | limit: 9223372036854775807                  |
|    |                |              |                | filter:                                     |
|    |                |              |                | orderBy: []                                 |
|    |                |              |                | schemaId: 50                                |
|    |                |              |                | isEdge: false                               |
|    |                |              |                | returnCols: [                               |
|    |                |              |                |   "_vid"                                    |
|    |                |              |                | ]                                           |
|    |                |              |                | indexCtx: [                                 |
|    |                |              |                |   {                                         |
|    |                |              |                |     "columnHints": [],                      |
|    |                |              |                |     "filter": "",                           |
|    |                |              |                |     "index_id": 54                          |
|    |                |              |                |   }                                         |
|    |                |              |                | ]                                           |
-----+----------------+--------------+----------------+----------------------------------------------
|  2 | Start          |              |                | outputVar: {                                |
|    |                |              |                |   "colNames": [],                           |
|    |                |              |                |   "type": "DATASET",                        |
|    |                |              |                |   "name": "__Start_2"                       |
|    |                |              |                | }                                           |
-----+----------------+--------------+----------------+----------------------------------------------

Tue, 13 Sep 2022 14:38:54 CST

类似的,在 2. 中,两个查询的 Traverse 算子的返回属性也是不同的,两者在存储层做数据扫描的时候代价是不同的(同样注意 edgeProps 的区别)。在当前的 basketballplayer 图中,我们清楚地知道 player 与 player 之间,只有一种边,那就是 follow,在这个信息 e:follow 被写入查询时,我们因此获得更高效的查询计划。

小练习:等价的多种表达的代价

这是一个用户提的一个问题:如何表达两点之间是否存在直连边?

对于这么简单的表达,大家应该直接能想到应该有好多方法表达:

  • GO
  • FIND PATH
  • MATCH
  • FETCH PROP

这里,利用 FETCH PROP 表达双向边,似乎是两个查询,我们先省略掉,对于剩下的三个表达,哪一种更适合呢?我们先写出来看看

  • GO FROM "player100" over * BIDIRECT WHERE id($$) == "player101" YIELD edge AS e
  • FIND ALL PATH FROM "player100" TO "player101" OVER * BIDIRECT UPTO 1 STEPS YIELD path AS p
  • MATCH (n)--(m) WHERE id(n) == "player100" AND id(m) == "player101" RETURN count(*)
GO/MATCH 与 FIND PATH

它们都能获得我们想要的信息,感觉上,MATCHGO 会比 FIND PATH 的查询更快一些,因为它们都是从单一起点拓展,而 FIND PATH 是从两端同时查询,在一跳的情况下,这其实是冗余的动作。验证一下的话,我们可以看到

(root@nebula) [basketballplayer]> explain FIND ALL PATH FROM "player100" TO "player101" OVER * BIDIRECT UPTO 1 STEPS YIELD path AS p
Execution succeeded (time spent 818/16537 us)

Execution Plan (optimize time 229 us)

-----+-----------------+--------------+----------------+------------------------------------
| id | name            | dependencies | profiling data | operator info                     |
-----+-----------------+--------------+----------------+------------------------------------
|  9 | DataCollect     | 8            |                | outputVar: {                      |
|    |                 |              |                |   "colNames": [                   |
|    |                 |              |                |     "p"                           |
|    |                 |              |                |   ],                              |
|    |                 |              |                |   "type": "DATASET",              |
|    |                 |              |                |   "name": "__DataCollect_9"       |
|    |                 |              |                | }                                 |
|    |                 |              |                | inputVar: [                       |
|    |                 |              |                |   {                               |
|    |                 |              |                |     "colNames": [                 |
|    |                 |              |                |       "_path"                     |
|    |                 |              |                |     ],                            |
|    |                 |              |                |     "type": "DATASET",            |
|    |                 |              |                |     "name": "__ProduceAllPaths_5" |
|    |                 |              |                |   }                               |
|    |                 |              |                | ]                                 |
|    |                 |              |                | distinct: false                   |
|    |                 |              |                | kind: ALL PATHS                   |
-----+-----------------+--------------+----------------+------------------------------------
|  8 | Loop            | 7            |                | outputVar: {                      |
|    |                 |              |                |   "colNames": [],                 |
|    |                 |              |                |   "type": "DATASET",              |
|    |                 |              |                |   "name": "__Loop_8"              |
|    |                 |              |                | }                                 |
|    |                 |              |                | inputVar: __VAR_1                 |
|    |                 |              |                | condition: (++($__VAR_2)<=1)      |
|    |                 |              |                | loopBody: 5                       |
-----+-----------------+--------------+----------------+------------------------------------
|  5 | ProduceAllPaths | 3,4          |                | branch: true, nodeId: 8           |
|    |                 |              |                |                                   |
|    |                 |              |                | outputVar: {                      |
|    |                 |              |                |   "colNames": [                   |
|    |                 |              |                |     "_path"                       |
|    |                 |              |                |   ],                              |
|    |                 |              |                |   "type": "DATASET",              |
|    |                 |              |                |   "name": "__ProduceAllPaths_5"   |
|    |                 |              |                | }                                 |
|    |                 |              |                | inputVar: {                       |
|    |                 |              |                |   "rightVar": "__GetNeighbors_4", |
|    |                 |              |                |   "leftVar": "__GetNeighbors_3"   |
|    |                 |              |                | }                                 |
|    |                 |              |                | LeftNextVidVar: "__VAR_0"         |
|    |                 |              |                | RightNextVidVar: "__VAR_1"        |
|    |                 |              |                | noloop : false                    |
|    |                 |              |                | steps: 1                          |
-----+-----------------+--------------+----------------+------------------------------------
|  3 | GetNeighbors    | 2            |                | outputVar: {                      |
|    |                 |              |                |   "colNames": [],                 |
|    |                 |              |                |   "type": "DATASET",              |
|    |                 |              |                |   "name": "__GetNeighbors_3"      |
|    |                 |              |                | }                                 |
|    |                 |              |                | inputVar: __VAR_0                 |
|    |                 |              |                | space: 49                         |
|    |                 |              |                | dedup: true                       |
|    |                 |              |                | limit: -1                         |
|    |                 |              |                | filter:                           |
|    |                 |              |                | orderBy: []                       |
|    |                 |              |                | src: COLUMN[0]                    |
|    |                 |              |                | edgeTypes: []                     |
|    |                 |              |                | edgeDirection: OUT_EDGE           |
|    |                 |              |                | vertexProps:                      |
|    |                 |              |                | edgeProps: [                      |
|    |                 |              |                |   {                               |
|    |                 |              |                |     "props": [                    |
|    |                 |              |                |       "_dst",                     |
|    |                 |              |                |       "_type",                    |
|    |                 |              |                |       "_rank"                     |
|    |                 |              |                |     ],                            |
|    |                 |              |                |     "type": -52                   |
|    |                 |              |                |   },                              |
|    |                 |              |                |   {                               |
|    |                 |              |                |     "props": [                    |
|    |                 |              |                |       "_dst",                     |
|    |                 |              |                |       "_type",                    |
|    |                 |              |                |       "_rank"                     |
|    |                 |              |                |     ],                            |
|    |                 |              |                |     "type": -53                   |
|    |                 |              |                |   },                              |
|    |                 |              |                |   {                               |
|    |                 |              |                |     "props": [                    |
|    |                 |              |                |       "_dst",                     |
|    |                 |              |                |       "_type",                    |
|    |                 |              |                |       "_rank"                     |
|    |                 |              |                |     ],                            |
|    |                 |              |                |     "type": -67                   |
|    |                 |              |                |   },                              |
|    |                 |              |                |   {                               |
|    |                 |              |                |     "props": [                    |
|    |                 |              |                |       "_dst",                     |
|    |                 |              |                |       "_type",                    |
|    |                 |              |                |       "_rank"                     |
|    |                 |              |                |     ],                            |
|    |                 |              |                |     "type": -68                   |
|    |                 |              |                |   },                              |
|    |                 |              |                |   {                               |
|    |                 |              |                |     "props": [                    |
|    |                 |              |                |       "_dst",                     |
|    |                 |              |                |       "_type",                    |
|    |                 |              |                |       "_rank"                     |
|    |                 |              |                |     ],                            |
|    |                 |              |                |     "type": -69                   |
|    |                 |              |                |   },                              |
|    |                 |              |                |   {                               |
|    |                 |              |                |     "props": [                    |
|    |                 |              |                |       "_dst",                     |
|    |                 |              |                |       "_type",                    |
|    |                 |              |                |       "_rank"                     |
|    |                 |              |                |     ],                            |
|    |                 |              |                |     "type": -70                   |
|    |                 |              |                |   },                              |
|    |                 |              |                |   {                               |
|    |                 |              |                |     "props": [                    |
|    |                 |              |                |       "_dst",                     |
|    |                 |              |                |       "_type",                    |
|    |                 |              |                |       "_rank"                     |
|    |                 |              |                |     ],                            |
|    |                 |              |                |     "type": -71                   |
|    |                 |              |                |   },                              |
|    |                 |              |                |   {                               |
|    |                 |              |                |     "props": [                    |
|    |                 |              |                |       "_dst",                     |
|    |                 |              |                |       "_type",                    |
|    |                 |              |                |       "_rank"                     |
|    |                 |              |                |     ],                            |
|    |                 |              |                |     "type": 52                    |
|    |                 |              |                |   },                              |
|    |                 |              |                |   {                               |
|    |                 |              |                |     "props": [                    |
|    |                 |              |                |       "_dst",                     |
|    |                 |              |                |       "_type",                    |
|    |                 |              |                |       "_rank"                     |
|    |                 |              |                |     ],                            |
|    |                 |              |                |     "type": 53                    |
|    |                 |              |                |   },                              |
|    |                 |              |                |   {                               |
|    |                 |              |                |     "props": [                    |
|    |                 |              |                |       "_dst",                     |
|    |                 |              |                |       "_type",                    |
|    |                 |              |                |       "_rank"                     |
|    |                 |              |                |     ],                            |
|    |                 |              |                |     "type": 67                    |
|    |                 |              |                |   },                              |
|    |                 |              |                |   {                               |
|    |                 |              |                |     "props": [                    |
|    |                 |              |                |       "_dst",                     |
|    |                 |              |                |       "_type",                    |
|    |                 |              |                |       "_rank"                     |
|    |                 |              |                |     ],                            |
|    |                 |              |                |     "type": 68                    |
|    |                 |              |                |   },                              |
|    |                 |              |                |   {                               |
|    |                 |              |                |     "props": [                    |
|    |                 |              |                |       "_dst",                     |
|    |                 |              |                |       "_type",                    |
|    |                 |              |                |       "_rank"                     |
|    |                 |              |                |     ],                            |
|    |                 |              |                |     "type": 69                    |
|    |                 |              |                |   },                              |
|    |                 |              |                |   {                               |
|    |                 |              |                |     "props": [                    |
|    |                 |              |                |       "_dst",                     |
|    |                 |              |                |       "_type",                    |
|    |                 |              |                |       "_rank"                     |
|    |                 |              |                |     ],                            |
|    |                 |              |                |     "type": 70                    |
|    |                 |              |                |   },                              |
|    |                 |              |                |   {                               |
|    |                 |              |                |     "props": [                    |
|    |                 |              |                |       "_dst",                     |
|    |                 |              |                |       "_type",                    |
|    |                 |              |                |       "_rank"                     |
|    |                 |              |                |     ],                            |
|    |                 |              |                |     "type": 71                    |
|    |                 |              |                |   }                               |
|    |                 |              |                | ]                                 |
|    |                 |              |                | statProps:                        |
|    |                 |              |                | exprs:                            |
|    |                 |              |                | random: false                     |
-----+-----------------+--------------+----------------+------------------------------------
|  2 | PassThrough     | 1            |                | outputVar: {                      |
|    |                 |              |                |   "colNames": [],                 |
|    |                 |              |                |   "type": "DATASET",              |
|    |                 |              |                |   "name": "__PassThrough_2"       |
|    |                 |              |                | }                                 |
|    |                 |              |                | inputVar: __Start_1               |
-----+-----------------+--------------+----------------+------------------------------------
|  1 | Start           |              |                | outputVar: {                      |
|    |                 |              |                |   "colNames": [],                 |
|    |                 |              |                |   "type": "DATASET",              |
|    |                 |              |                |   "name": "__Start_1"             |
|    |                 |              |                | }                                 |
-----+-----------------+--------------+----------------+------------------------------------
|  4 | GetNeighbors    | 2            |                | outputVar: {                      |
|    |                 |              |                |   "colNames": [],                 |
|    |                 |              |                |   "type": "DATASET",              |
|    |                 |              |                |   "name": "__GetNeighbors_4"      |
|    |                 |              |                | }                                 |
|    |                 |              |                | inputVar: __VAR_1                 |
|    |                 |              |                | space: 49                         |
|    |                 |              |                | dedup: true                       |
|    |                 |              |                | limit: -1                         |
|    |                 |              |                | filter:                           |
|    |                 |              |                | orderBy: []                       |
|    |                 |              |                | src: COLUMN[0]                    |
|    |                 |              |                | edgeTypes: []                     |
|    |                 |              |                | edgeDirection: OUT_EDGE           |
|    |                 |              |                | vertexProps:                      |
|    |                 |              |                | edgeProps: [                      |
|    |                 |              |                |   {                               |
|    |                 |              |                |     "props": [                    |
|    |                 |              |                |       "_dst",                     |
|    |                 |              |                |       "_type",                    |
|    |                 |              |                |       "_rank"                     |
|    |                 |              |                |     ],                            |
|    |                 |              |                |     "type": 52                    |
|    |                 |              |                |   },                              |
|    |                 |              |                |   {                               |
|    |                 |              |                |     "props": [                    |
|    |                 |              |                |       "_dst",                     |
|    |                 |              |                |       "_type",                    |
|    |                 |              |                |       "_rank"                     |
|    |                 |              |                |     ],                            |
|    |                 |              |                |     "type": 53                    |
|    |                 |              |                |   },                              |
|    |                 |              |                |   {                               |
|    |                 |              |                |     "props": [                    |
|    |                 |              |                |       "_dst",                     |
|    |                 |              |                |       "_type",                    |
|    |                 |              |                |       "_rank"                     |
|    |                 |              |                |     ],                            |
|    |                 |              |                |     "type": 67                    |
|    |                 |              |                |   },                              |
|    |                 |              |                |   {                               |
|    |                 |              |                |     "props": [                    |
|    |                 |              |                |       "_dst",                     |
|    |                 |              |                |       "_type",                    |
|    |                 |              |                |       "_rank"                     |
|    |                 |              |                |     ],                            |
|    |                 |              |                |     "type": 68                    |
|    |                 |              |                |   },                              |
|    |                 |              |                |   {                               |
|    |                 |              |                |     "props": [                    |
|    |                 |              |                |       "_dst",                     |
|    |                 |              |                |       "_type",                    |
|    |                 |              |                |       "_rank"                     |
|    |                 |              |                |     ],                            |
|    |                 |              |                |     "type": 69                    |
|    |                 |              |                |   },                              |
|    |                 |              |                |   {                               |
|    |                 |              |                |     "props": [                    |
|    |                 |              |                |       "_dst",                     |
|    |                 |              |                |       "_type",                    |
|    |                 |              |                |       "_rank"                     |
|    |                 |              |                |     ],                            |
|    |                 |              |                |     "type": 70                    |
|    |                 |              |                |   },                              |
|    |                 |              |                |   {                               |
|    |                 |              |                |     "props": [                    |
|    |                 |              |                |       "_dst",                     |
|    |                 |              |                |       "_type",                    |
|    |                 |              |                |       "_rank"                     |
|    |                 |              |                |     ],                            |
|    |                 |              |                |     "type": 71                    |
|    |                 |              |                |   },                              |
|    |                 |              |                |   {                               |
|    |                 |              |                |     "props": [                    |
|    |                 |              |                |       "_dst",                     |
|    |                 |              |                |       "_type",                    |
|    |                 |              |                |       "_rank"                     |
|    |                 |              |                |     ],                            |
|    |                 |              |                |     "type": -52                   |
|    |                 |              |                |   },                              |
|    |                 |              |                |   {                               |
|    |                 |              |                |     "props": [                    |
|    |                 |              |                |       "_dst",                     |
|    |                 |              |                |       "_type",                    |
|    |                 |              |                |       "_rank"                     |
|    |                 |              |                |     ],                            |
|    |                 |              |                |     "type": -53                   |
|    |                 |              |                |   },                              |
|    |                 |              |                |   {                               |
|    |                 |              |                |     "props": [                    |
|    |                 |              |                |       "_dst",                     |
|    |                 |              |                |       "_type",                    |
|    |                 |              |                |       "_rank"                     |
|    |                 |              |                |     ],                            |
|    |                 |              |                |     "type": -67                   |
|    |                 |              |                |   },                              |
|    |                 |              |                |   {                               |
|    |                 |              |                |     "props": [                    |
|    |                 |              |                |       "_dst",                     |
|    |                 |              |                |       "_type",                    |
|    |                 |              |                |       "_rank"                     |
|    |                 |              |                |     ],                            |
|    |                 |              |                |     "type": -68                   |
|    |                 |              |                |   },                              |
|    |                 |              |                |   {                               |
|    |                 |              |                |     "props": [                    |
|    |                 |              |                |       "_dst",                     |
|    |                 |              |                |       "_type",                    |
|    |                 |              |                |       "_rank"                     |
|    |                 |              |                |     ],                            |
|    |                 |              |                |     "type": -69                   |
|    |                 |              |                |   },                              |
|    |                 |              |                |   {                               |
|    |                 |              |                |     "props": [                    |
|    |                 |              |                |       "_dst",                     |
|    |                 |              |                |       "_type",                    |
|    |                 |              |                |       "_rank"                     |
|    |                 |              |                |     ],                            |
|    |                 |              |                |     "type": -70                   |
|    |                 |              |                |   },                              |
|    |                 |              |                |   {                               |
|    |                 |              |                |     "props": [                    |
|    |                 |              |                |       "_dst",                     |
|    |                 |              |                |       "_type",                    |
|    |                 |              |                |       "_rank"                     |
|    |                 |              |                |     ],                            |
|    |                 |              |                |     "type": -71                   |
|    |                 |              |                |   }                               |
|    |                 |              |                | ]                                 |
|    |                 |              |                | statProps:                        |
|    |                 |              |                | exprs:                            |
|    |                 |              |                | random: false                     |
-----+-----------------+--------------+----------------+------------------------------------
|  7 | Project         | 6            |                | outputVar: {                      |
|    |                 |              |                |   "colNames": [                   |
|    |                 |              |                |     "_vid"                        |
|    |                 |              |                |   ],                              |
|    |                 |              |                |   "type": "DATASET",              |
|    |                 |              |                |   "name": "__VAR_1"               |
|    |                 |              |                | }                                 |
|    |                 |              |                | inputVar: __VAR_1                 |
|    |                 |              |                | columns: [                        |
|    |                 |              |                |   "COLUMN[0] AS _vid"             |
|    |                 |              |                | ]                                 |
-----+-----------------+--------------+----------------+------------------------------------
|  6 | Project         | 0            |                | outputVar: {                      |
|    |                 |              |                |   "colNames": [                   |
|    |                 |              |                |     "_vid"                        |
|    |                 |              |                |   ],                              |
|    |                 |              |                |   "type": "DATASET",              |
|    |                 |              |                |   "name": "__VAR_0"               |
|    |                 |              |                | }                                 |
|    |                 |              |                | inputVar: __VAR_0                 |
|    |                 |              |                | columns: [                        |
|    |                 |              |                |   "COLUMN[0] AS _vid"             |
|    |                 |              |                | ]                                 |
-----+-----------------+--------------+----------------+------------------------------------
|  0 | Start           |              |                | outputVar: {                      |
|    |                 |              |                |   "colNames": [],                 |
|    |                 |              |                |   "type": "DATASET",              |
|    |                 |              |                |   "name": "__Start_0"             |
|    |                 |              |                | }                                 |
-----+-----------------+--------------+----------------+------------------------------------

Tue, 13 Sep 2022 15:05:36 CST

FIND PATH 中果然有两个 GetNeighbors 算子。

GO 与 MATCH

一般来说,如果表达能力等价,GO 都是更推荐的查询。因为在 MATCH 查询中,做边拓展的算子 Traverse 默认不只取边上的信息,还会同时取两端的信息。我们可以通过 explainprofile 来对比两个查询:

  • GO FROM "player100" over * BIDIRECT WHERE id($$) == "player101" YIELD edge AS e
  • MATCH (n)--(m) WHERE id(n) == "player100" AND id(m) == "player101" RETURN count(*)
(root@nebula) [basketballplayer]> explain  MATCH (n)--(m) WHERE id(n) == "player100" AND id(m) == "player101" RETURN count(*)
Execution succeeded (time spent 1340/8307 us)

Execution Plan (optimize time 424 us)

-----+----------------+--------------+----------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------
| id | name           | dependencies | profiling data | operator info                                                    |
-----+----------------+--------------+----------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------
|  8 | Aggregate      | 10           |                | outputVar: {                                                     |
|    |                |              |                |   "colNames": [                                                  |
|    |                |              |                |     "count(*)"                                                   |
|    |                |              |                |   ],                                                             |
|    |                |              |                |   "type": "DATASET",                                             |
|    |                |              |                |   "name": "__Aggregate_8"                                        |
|    |                |              |                | }                                                                |
|    |                |              |                | inputVar: __Filter_7                                             |
|    |                |              |                | groupKeys: []                                                    |
|    |                |              |                | groupItems: [                                                    |
|    |                |              |                |   {                                                              |
|    |                |              |                |     "expr": "count(*)"                                           |
|    |                |              |                |   }                                                              |
|    |                |              |                | ]                                                                |
-----+----------------+--------------+----------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------
| 10 | Project        | 9            |                | outputVar: {                                                     |
|    |                |              |                |   "colNames": [                                                  |
|    |                |              |                |     "n",                                                         |
|    |                |              |                |     "m"                                                          |
|    |                |              |                |   ],                                                             |
|    |                |              |                |   "type": "DATASET",                                             |
|    |                |              |                |   "name": "__Filter_7"                                           |
|    |                |              |                | }                                                                |
|    |                |              |                | inputVar: __Filter_9                                             |
|    |                |              |                | columns: [                                                       |
|    |                |              |                |   "$-.n AS n",                                                   |
|    |                |              |                |   "$-.m AS m"                                                    |
|    |                |              |                | ]                                                                |
-----+----------------+--------------+----------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------
|  9 | Filter         | 5            |                | outputVar: {                                                     |
|    |                |              |                |   "colNames": [                                                  |
|    |                |              |                |     "n",                                                         |
|    |                |              |                |     "__VAR_0",                                                   |
|    |                |              |                |     "m"                                                          |
|    |                |              |                |   ],                                                             |
|    |                |              |                |   "type": "DATASET",                                             |
|    |                |              |                |   "name": "__Filter_9"                                           |
|    |                |              |                | }                                                                |
|    |                |              |                | inputVar: __AppendVertices_5                                     |
|    |                |              |                | condition: ((id($-.n)=="player100") AND (id($-.m)=="player101")) |
|    |                |              |                | isStable: false                                                  |
-----+----------------+--------------+----------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------
|  5 | AppendVertices | 4            |                | outputVar: {                                                     |
|    |                |              |                |   "colNames": [                                                  |
|    |                |              |                |     "n",                                                         |
|    |                |              |                |     "__VAR_0",                                                   |
|    |                |              |                |     "m"                                                          |
|    |                |              |                |   ],                                                             |
|    |                |              |                |   "type": "DATASET",                                             |
|    |                |              |                |   "name": "__AppendVertices_5"                                   |
|    |                |              |                | }                                                                |
|    |                |              |                | inputVar: __Traverse_4                                           |
|    |                |              |                | space: 49                                                        |
|    |                |              |                | dedup: true                                                      |
|    |                |              |                | limit: -1                                                        |
|    |                |              |                | filter:                                                          |
|    |                |              |                | orderBy: []                                                      |
|    |                |              |                | src: none_direct_dst($-.__VAR_0)                                 |
|    |                |              |                | props: [                                                         |
|    |                |              |                |   {                                                              |
|    |                |              |                |     "props": [                                                   |
|    |                |              |                |       "name",                                                    |
|    |                |              |                |       "age",                                                     |
|    |                |              |                |       "_tag"                                                     |
|    |                |              |                |     ],                                                           |
|    |                |              |                |     "tagId": 59                                                  |
|    |                |              |                |   },                                                             |
|    |                |              |                |   {                                                              |
|    |                |              |                |     "props": [                                                   |
|    |                |              |                |       "geo",                                                     |
|    |                |              |                |       "_tag"                                                     |
|    |                |              |                |     ],                                                           |
|    |                |              |                |     "tagId": 60                                                  |
|    |                |              |                |   },                                                             |
|    |                |              |                |   {                                                              |
|    |                |              |                |     "props": [                                                   |
|    |                |              |                |       "name",                                                    |
|    |                |              |                |       "age",                                                     |
|    |                |              |                |       "_tag"                                                     |
|    |                |              |                |     ],                                                           |
|    |                |              |                |     "tagId": 50                                                  |
|    |                |              |                |   },                                                             |
|    |                |              |                |   {                                                              |
|    |                |              |                |     "props": [                                                   |
|    |                |              |                |       "name",                                                    |
|    |                |              |                |       "email",                                                   |
|    |                |              |                |       "phone_num",                                               |
|    |                |              |                |       "birthday",                                                |
|    |                |              |                |       "address",                                                 |
|    |                |              |                |       "_tag"                                                     |
|    |                |              |                |     ],                                                           |
|    |                |              |                |     "tagId": 61                                                  |
|    |                |              |                |   },                                                             |
|    |                |              |                |   {                                                              |
|    |                |              |                |     "props": [                                                   |
|    |                |              |                |       "name",                                                    |
|    |                |              |                |       "_tag"                                                     |
|    |                |              |                |     ],                                                           |
|    |                |              |                |     "tagId": 51                                                  |
|    |                |              |                |   },                                                             |
|    |                |              |                |   {                                                              |
|    |                |              |                |     "props": [                                                   |
|    |                |              |                |       "address",                                                 |
|    |                |              |                |       "_tag"                                                     |
|    |                |              |                |     ],                                                           |
|    |                |              |                |     "tagId": 62                                                  |
|    |                |              |                |   },                                                             |
|    |                |              |                |   {                                                              |
|    |                |              |                |     "props": [                                                   |
|    |                |              |                |       "uuid",                                                    |
|    |                |              |                |       "_tag"                                                     |
|    |                |              |                |     ],                                                           |
|    |                |              |                |     "tagId": 63                                                  |
|    |                |              |                |   },                                                             |
|    |                |              |                |   {                                                              |
|    |                |              |                |     "props": [                                                   |
|    |                |              |                |       "_tag"                                                     |
|    |                |              |                |     ],                                                           |
|    |                |              |                |     "tagId": 64                                                  |
|    |                |              |                |   },                                                             |
|    |                |              |                |   {                                                              |
|    |                |              |                |     "props": [                                                   |
|    |                |              |                |       "_tag"                                                     |
|    |                |              |                |     ],                                                           |
|    |                |              |                |     "tagId": 65                                                  |
|    |                |              |                |   },                                                             |
|    |                |              |                |   {                                                              |
|    |                |              |                |     "props": [                                                   |
|    |                |              |                |       "_tag"                                                     |
|    |                |              |                |     ],                                                           |
|    |                |              |                |     "tagId": 66                                                  |
|    |                |              |                |   }                                                              |
|    |                |              |                | ]                                                                |
|    |                |              |                | exprs:                                                           |
|    |                |              |                | vertex_filter:                                                   |
|    |                |              |                | if_track_previous_path: true                                     |
-----+----------------+--------------+----------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------
|  4 | Traverse       | 2            |                | outputVar: {                                                     |
|    |                |              |                |   "colNames": [                                                  |
|    |                |              |                |     "n",                                                         |
|    |                |              |                |     "__VAR_0"                                                    |
|    |                |              |                |   ],                                                             |
|    |                |              |                |   "type": "DATASET",                                             |
|    |                |              |                |   "name": "__Traverse_4"                                         |
|    |                |              |                | }                                                                |
|    |                |              |                | inputVar: __Dedup_2                                              |
|    |                |              |                | space: 49                                                        |
|    |                |              |                | dedup: true                                                      |
|    |                |              |                | limit: -1                                                        |
|    |                |              |                | filter:                                                          |
|    |                |              |                | orderBy: []                                                      |
|    |                |              |                | src: $-._vid                                                     |
|    |                |              |                | edgeTypes: []                                                    |
|    |                |              |                | edgeDirection: BOTH                                              |
|    |                |              |                | vertexProps: [                                                   |
|    |                |              |                |   {                                                              |
|    |                |              |                |     "props": [                                                   |
|    |                |              |                |       "name",                                                    |
|    |                |              |                |       "age",                                                     |
|    |                |              |                |       "_tag"                                                     |
|    |                |              |                |     ],                                                           |
|    |                |              |                |     "tagId": 59                                                  |
|    |                |              |                |   },                                                             |
|    |                |              |                |   {                                                              |
|    |                |              |                |     "props": [                                                   |
|    |                |              |                |       "geo",                                                     |
|    |                |              |                |       "_tag"                                                     |
|    |                |              |                |     ],                                                           |
|    |                |              |                |     "tagId": 60                                                  |
|    |                |              |                |   },                                                             |
|    |                |              |                |   {                                                              |
|    |                |              |                |     "props": [                                                   |
|    |                |              |                |       "name",                                                    |
|    |                |              |                |       "age",                                                     |
|    |                |              |                |       "_tag"                                                     |
|    |                |              |                |     ],                                                           |
|    |                |              |                |     "tagId": 50                                                  |
|    |                |              |                |   },                                                             |
|    |                |              |                |   {                                                              |
|    |                |              |                |     "props": [                                                   |
|    |                |              |                |       "name",                                                    |
|    |                |              |                |       "email",                                                   |
|    |                |              |                |       "phone_num",                                               |
|    |                |              |                |       "birthday",                                                |
|    |                |              |                |       "address",                                                 |
|    |                |              |                |       "_tag"                                                     |
|    |                |              |                |     ],                                                           |
|    |                |              |                |     "tagId": 61                                                  |
|    |                |              |                |   },                                                             |
|    |                |              |                |   {                                                              |
|    |                |              |                |     "props": [                                                   |
|    |                |              |                |       "name",                                                    |
|    |                |              |                |       "_tag"                                                     |
|    |                |              |                |     ],                                                           |
|    |                |              |                |     "tagId": 51                                                  |
|    |                |              |                |   },                                                             |
|    |                |              |                |   {                                                              |
|    |                |              |                |     "props": [                                                   |
|    |                |              |                |       "address",                                                 |
|    |                |              |                |       "_tag"                                                     |
|    |                |              |                |     ],                                                           |
|    |                |              |                |     "tagId": 62                                                  |
|    |                |              |                |   },                                                             |
|    |                |              |                |   {                                                              |
|    |                |              |                |     "props": [                                                   |
|    |                |              |                |       "uuid",                                                    |
|    |                |              |                |       "_tag"                                                     |
|    |                |              |                |     ],                                                           |
|    |                |              |                |     "tagId": 63                                                  |
|    |                |              |                |   },                                                             |
|    |                |              |                |   {                                                              |
|    |                |              |                |     "props": [                                                   |
|    |                |              |                |       "_tag"                                                     |
|    |                |              |                |     ],                                                           |
|    |                |              |                |     "tagId": 64                                                  |
|    |                |              |                |   },                                                             |
|    |                |              |                |   {                                                              |
|    |                |              |                |     "props": [                                                   |
|    |                |              |                |       "_tag"                                                     |
|    |                |              |                |     ],                                                           |
|    |                |              |                |     "tagId": 65                                                  |
|    |                |              |                |   },                                                             |
|    |                |              |                |   {                                                              |
|    |                |              |                |     "props": [                                                   |
|    |                |              |                |       "_tag"                                                     |
|    |                |              |                |     ],                                                           |
|    |                |              |                |     "tagId": 66                                                  |
|    |                |              |                |   }                                                              |
|    |                |              |                | ]                                                                |
|    |                |              |                | edgeProps: [                                                     |
|    |                |              |                |   {                                                              |
|    |                |              |                |     "props": [                                                   |
|    |                |              |                |       "_dst",                                                    |
|    |                |              |                |       "_rank",                                                   |
|    |                |              |                |       "_type",                                                   |
|    |                |              |                |       "_src"                                                     |
|    |                |              |                |     ],                                                           |
|    |                |              |                |     "type": -71                                                  |
|    |                |              |                |   },                                                             |
|    |                |              |                |   {                                                              |
|    |                |              |                |     "props": [                                                   |
|    |                |              |                |       "_dst",                                                    |
|    |                |              |                |       "_rank",                                                   |
|    |                |              |                |       "_type",                                                   |
|    |                |              |                |       "_src"                                                     |
|    |                |              |                |     ],                                                           |
|    |                |              |                |     "type": 71                                                   |
|    |                |              |                |   },                                                             |
|    |                |              |                |   {                                                              |
|    |                |              |                |     "props": [                                                   |
|    |                |              |                |       "_dst",                                                    |
|    |                |              |                |       "_rank",                                                   |
|    |                |              |                |       "_type",                                                   |
|    |                |              |                |       "_src"                                                     |
|    |                |              |                |     ],                                                           |
|    |                |              |                |     "type": -70                                                  |
|    |                |              |                |   },                                                             |
|    |                |              |                |   {                                                              |
|    |                |              |                |     "props": [                                                   |
|    |                |              |                |       "_dst",                                                    |
|    |                |              |                |       "_rank",                                                   |
|    |                |              |                |       "_type",                                                   |
|    |                |              |                |       "_src"                                                     |
|    |                |              |                |     ],                                                           |
|    |                |              |                |     "type": 70                                                   |
|    |                |              |                |   },                                                             |
|    |                |              |                |   {                                                              |
|    |                |              |                |     "props": [                                                   |
|    |                |              |                |       "_dst",                                                    |
|    |                |              |                |       "_rank",                                                   |
|    |                |              |                |       "_type",                                                   |
|    |                |              |                |       "_src"                                                     |
|    |                |              |                |     ],                                                           |
|    |                |              |                |     "type": -53                                                  |
|    |                |              |                |   },                                                             |
|    |                |              |                |   {                                                              |
|    |                |              |                |     "props": [                                                   |
|    |                |              |                |       "_dst",                                                    |
|    |                |              |                |       "_rank",                                                   |
|    |                |              |                |       "_type",                                                   |
|    |                |              |                |       "_src"                                                     |
|    |                |              |                |     ],                                                           |
|    |                |              |                |     "type": 53                                                   |
|    |                |              |                |   },                                                             |
|    |                |              |                |   {                                                              |
|    |                |              |                |     "props": [                                                   |
|    |                |              |                |       "_dst",                                                    |
|    |                |              |                |       "_rank",                                                   |
|    |                |              |                |       "_type",                                                   |
|    |                |              |                |       "_src"                                                     |
|    |                |              |                |     ],                                                           |
|    |                |              |                |     "type": -68                                                  |
|    |                |              |                |   },                                                             |
|    |                |              |                |   {                                                              |
|    |                |              |                |     "props": [                                                   |
|    |                |              |                |       "_dst",                                                    |
|    |                |              |                |       "_rank",                                                   |
|    |                |              |                |       "_type",                                                   |
|    |                |              |                |       "_src"                                                     |
|    |                |              |                |     ],                                                           |
|    |                |              |                |     "type": 68                                                   |
|    |                |              |                |   },                                                             |
|    |                |              |                |   {                                                              |
|    |                |              |                |     "props": [                                                   |
|    |                |              |                |       "_dst",                                                    |
|    |                |              |                |       "_rank",                                                   |
|    |                |              |                |       "_type",                                                   |
|    |                |              |                |       "_src"                                                     |
|    |                |              |                |     ],                                                           |
|    |                |              |                |     "type": -52                                                  |
|    |                |              |                |   },                                                             |
|    |                |              |                |   {                                                              |
|    |                |              |                |     "props": [                                                   |
|    |                |              |                |       "_dst",                                                    |
|    |                |              |                |       "_rank",                                                   |
|    |                |              |                |       "_type",                                                   |
|    |                |              |                |       "_src"                                                     |
|    |                |              |                |     ],                                                           |
|    |                |              |                |     "type": 52                                                   |
|    |                |              |                |   },                                                             |
|    |                |              |                |   {                                                              |
|    |                |              |                |     "props": [                                                   |
|    |                |              |                |       "_dst",                                                    |
|    |                |              |                |       "_rank",                                                   |
|    |                |              |                |       "_type",                                                   |
|    |                |              |                |       "_src"                                                     |
|    |                |              |                |     ],                                                           |
|    |                |              |                |     "type": -67                                                  |
|    |                |              |                |   },                                                             |
|    |                |              |                |   {                                                              |
|    |                |              |                |     "props": [                                                   |
|    |                |              |                |       "_dst",                                                    |
|    |                |              |                |       "_rank",                                                   |
|    |                |              |                |       "_type",                                                   |
|    |                |              |                |       "_src"                                                     |
|    |                |              |                |     ],                                                           |
|    |                |              |                |     "type": 67                                                   |
|    |                |              |                |   },                                                             |
|    |                |              |                |   {                                                              |
|    |                |              |                |     "props": [                                                   |
|    |                |              |                |       "_dst",                                                    |
|    |                |              |                |       "_rank",                                                   |
|    |                |              |                |       "_type",                                                   |
|    |                |              |                |       "_src"                                                     |
|    |                |              |                |     ],                                                           |
|    |                |              |                |     "type": -69                                                  |
|    |                |              |                |   },                                                             |
|    |                |              |                |   {                                                              |
|    |                |              |                |     "props": [                                                   |
|    |                |              |                |       "_dst",                                                    |
|    |                |              |                |       "_rank",                                                   |
|    |                |              |                |       "_type",                                                   |
|    |                |              |                |       "_src"                                                     |
|    |                |              |                |     ],                                                           |
|    |                |              |                |     "type": 69                                                   |
|    |                |              |                |   }                                                              |
|    |                |              |                | ]                                                                |
|    |                |              |                | statProps:                                                       |
|    |                |              |                | exprs:                                                           |
|    |                |              |                | random: false                                                    |
|    |                |              |                | steps:                                                           |
|    |                |              |                | vertex filter:                                                   |
|    |                |              |                | edge filter:                                                     |
|    |                |              |                | if_track_previous_path: false                                    |
|    |                |              |                | first step filter:                                               |
-----+----------------+--------------+----------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------
|  2 | Dedup          | 1            |                | outputVar: {                                                     |
|    |                |              |                |   "colNames": [                                                  |
|    |                |              |                |     "_vid"                                                       |
|    |                |              |                |   ],                                                             |
|    |                |              |                |   "type": "DATASET",                                             |
|    |                |              |                |   "name": "__Dedup_2"                                            |
|    |                |              |                | }                                                                |
|    |                |              |                | inputVar: __VAR_1                                                |
-----+----------------+--------------+----------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------
|  1 | PassThrough    | 3            |                | outputVar: {                                                     |
|    |                |              |                |   "colNames": [                                                  |
|    |                |              |                |     "_vid"                                                       |
|    |                |              |                |   ],                                                             |
|    |                |              |                |   "type": "DATASET",                                             |
|    |                |              |                |   "name": "__VAR_1"                                              |
|    |                |              |                | }                                                                |
|    |                |              |                | inputVar:                                                        |
-----+----------------+--------------+----------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------
|  3 | Start          |              |                | outputVar: {                                                     |
|    |                |              |                |   "colNames": [],                                                |
|    |                |              |                |   "type": "DATASET",                                             |
|    |                |              |                |   "name": "__Start_3"                                            |
|    |                |              |                | }                                                                |
-----+----------------+--------------+----------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------

可以看到,尽管我们只想返回 count(*),在查询计划中,Traverse 算子仍然包涵了所有的点属性获取(vertexProps)。

(root@nebula) [basketballplayer]> explain GO FROM "player100" over * BIDIRECT WHERE id($$) == "player101" YIELD edge AS e
Execution succeeded (time spent 1549/16916 us)

Execution Plan (optimize time 751 us)

-----+--------------+--------------+----------------+-----------------------------------
| id | name         | dependencies | profiling data | operator info                    |
-----+--------------+--------------+----------------+-----------------------------------
|  7 | Project      | 6            |                | outputVar: {                     |
|    |              |              |                |   "colNames": [                  |
|    |              |              |                |     "e"                          |
|    |              |              |                |   ],                             |
|    |              |              |                |   "type": "DATASET",             |
|    |              |              |                |   "name": "__Project_7"          |
|    |              |              |                | }                                |
|    |              |              |                | inputVar: __Filter_6             |
|    |              |              |                | columns: [                       |
|    |              |              |                |   "EDGE AS e"                    |
|    |              |              |                | ]                                |
-----+--------------+--------------+----------------+-----------------------------------
|  6 | Filter       | 5            |                | outputVar: {                     |
|    |              |              |                |   "colNames": [                  |
|    |              |              |                |     "EDGE",                      |
|    |              |              |                |     "JOIN_DST_VID",              |
|    |              |              |                |     "$$",                        |
|    |              |              |                |     "DST_VID"                    |
|    |              |              |                |   ],                             |
|    |              |              |                |   "type": "DATASET",             |
|    |              |              |                |   "name": "__Filter_6"           |
|    |              |              |                | }                                |
|    |              |              |                | inputVar: __LeftJoin_5           |
|    |              |              |                | condition: (id($$)=="player101") |
|    |              |              |                | isStable: false                  |
-----+--------------+--------------+----------------+-----------------------------------
|  5 | LeftJoin     | 4            |                | outputVar: {                     |
|    |              |              |                |   "colNames": [                  |
|    |              |              |                |     "EDGE",                      |
|    |              |              |                |     "JOIN_DST_VID",              |
|    |              |              |                |     "$$",                        |
|    |              |              |                |     "DST_VID"                    |
|    |              |              |                |   ],                             |
|    |              |              |                |   "type": "DATASET",             |
|    |              |              |                |   "name": "__LeftJoin_5"         |
|    |              |              |                | }                                |
|    |              |              |                | inputVar: {                      |
|    |              |              |                |   "rightVar": {                  |
|    |              |              |                |     "__Project_4": 0             |
|    |              |              |                |   },                             |
|    |              |              |                |   "leftVar": {                   |
|    |              |              |                |     "__Project_2": 0             |
|    |              |              |                |   }                              |
|    |              |              |                | }                                |
|    |              |              |                | hashKeys: [                      |
|    |              |              |                |   "COLUMN[-1]"                   |
|    |              |              |                | ]                                |
|    |              |              |                | probeKeys: [                     |
|    |              |              |                |   "COLUMN[-1]"                   |
|    |              |              |                | ]                                |
|    |              |              |                | kind: LeftJoin                   |
-----+--------------+--------------+----------------+-----------------------------------
|  4 | Project      | 3            |                | outputVar: {                     |
|    |              |              |                |   "colNames": [                  |
|    |              |              |                |     "$$",                        |
|    |              |              |                |     "DST_VID"                    |
|    |              |              |                |   ],                             |
|    |              |              |                |   "type": "DATASET",             |
|    |              |              |                |   "name": "__Project_4"          |
|    |              |              |                | }                                |
|    |              |              |                | inputVar: __GetVertices_3        |
|    |              |              |                | columns: [                       |
|    |              |              |                |   "$$ AS $$",                    |
|    |              |              |                |   "COLUMN[0] AS DST_VID"         |
|    |              |              |                | ]                                |
-----+--------------+--------------+----------------+-----------------------------------
|  3 | GetVertices  | 2            |                | outputVar: {                     |
|    |              |              |                |   "colNames": [],                |
|    |              |              |                |   "type": "DATASET",             |
|    |              |              |                |   "name": "__GetVertices_3"      |
|    |              |              |                | }                                |
|    |              |              |                | inputVar: __Project_2            |
|    |              |              |                | space: 49                        |
|    |              |              |                | dedup: true                      |
|    |              |              |                | limit: 9223372036854775807       |
|    |              |              |                | filter:                          |
|    |              |              |                | orderBy: []                      |
|    |              |              |                | src: COLUMN[-1]                  |
|    |              |              |                | props: [                         |
|    |              |              |                |   {                              |
|    |              |              |                |     "props": [                   |
|    |              |              |                |       "_tag"                     |
|    |              |              |                |     ],                           |
|    |              |              |                |     "tagId": 66                  |
|    |              |              |                |   },                             |
|    |              |              |                |   {                              |
|    |              |              |                |     "props": [                   |
|    |              |              |                |       "_tag"                     |
|    |              |              |                |     ],                           |
|    |              |              |                |     "tagId": 65                  |
|    |              |              |                |   },                             |
|    |              |              |                |   {                              |
|    |              |              |                |     "props": [                   |
|    |              |              |                |       "_tag"                     |
|    |              |              |                |     ],                           |
|    |              |              |                |     "tagId": 64                  |
|    |              |              |                |   },                             |
|    |              |              |                |   {                              |
|    |              |              |                |     "props": [                   |
|    |              |              |                |       "_tag",                    |
|    |              |              |                |       "uuid"                     |
|    |              |              |                |     ],                           |
|    |              |              |                |     "tagId": 63                  |
|    |              |              |                |   },                             |
|    |              |              |                |   {                              |
|    |              |              |                |     "props": [                   |
|    |              |              |                |       "_tag",                    |
|    |              |              |                |       "geo"                      |
|    |              |              |                |     ],                           |
|    |              |              |                |     "tagId": 60                  |
|    |              |              |                |   },                             |
|    |              |              |                |   {                              |
|    |              |              |                |     "props": [                   |
|    |              |              |                |       "_tag",                    |
|    |              |              |                |       "age",                     |
|    |              |              |                |       "name"                     |
|    |              |              |                |     ],                           |
|    |              |              |                |     "tagId": 59                  |
|    |              |              |                |   },                             |
|    |              |              |                |   {                              |
|    |              |              |                |     "props": [                   |
|    |              |              |                |       "_tag",                    |
|    |              |              |                |       "age",                     |
|    |              |              |                |       "name"                     |
|    |              |              |                |     ],                           |
|    |              |              |                |     "tagId": 50                  |
|    |              |              |                |   },                             |
|    |              |              |                |   {                              |
|    |              |              |                |     "props": [                   |
|    |              |              |                |       "_tag",                    |
|    |              |              |                |       "address",                 |
|    |              |              |                |       "birthday",                |
|    |              |              |                |       "email",                   |
|    |              |              |                |       "name",                    |
|    |              |              |                |       "phone_num"                |
|    |              |              |                |     ],                           |
|    |              |              |                |     "tagId": 61                  |
|    |              |              |                |   },                             |
|    |              |              |                |   {                              |
|    |              |              |                |     "props": [                   |
|    |              |              |                |       "_tag",                    |
|    |              |              |                |       "address"                  |
|    |              |              |                |     ],                           |
|    |              |              |                |     "tagId": 62                  |
|    |              |              |                |   },                             |
|    |              |              |                |   {                              |
|    |              |              |                |     "props": [                   |
|    |              |              |                |       "_tag",                    |
|    |              |              |                |       "name"                     |
|    |              |              |                |     ],                           |
|    |              |              |                |     "tagId": 51                  |
|    |              |              |                |   }                              |
|    |              |              |                | ]                                |
|    |              |              |                | exprs:                           |
-----+--------------+--------------+----------------+-----------------------------------
|  2 | Project      | 1            |                | outputVar: {                     |
|    |              |              |                |   "colNames": [                  |
|    |              |              |                |     "EDGE",                      |
|    |              |              |                |     "JOIN_DST_VID"               |
|    |              |              |                |   ],                             |
|    |              |              |                |   "type": "DATASET",             |
|    |              |              |                |   "name": "__Project_2"          |
|    |              |              |                | }                                |
|    |              |              |                | inputVar: __GetNeighbors_1       |
|    |              |              |                | columns: [                       |
|    |              |              |                |   "EDGE AS EDGE",                |
|    |              |              |                |   "*._dst AS JOIN_DST_VID"       |
|    |              |              |                | ]                                |
-----+--------------+--------------+----------------+-----------------------------------
|  1 | GetNeighbors | 0            |                | outputVar: {                     |
|    |              |              |                |   "colNames": [],                |
|    |              |              |                |   "type": "DATASET",             |
|    |              |              |                |   "name": "__GetNeighbors_1"     |
|    |              |              |                | }                                |
|    |              |              |                | inputVar: __VAR_0                |
|    |              |              |                | space: 49                        |
|    |              |              |                | dedup: false                     |
|    |              |              |                | limit: -1                        |
|    |              |              |                | filter:                          |
|    |              |              |                | orderBy: []                      |
|    |              |              |                | src: COLUMN[0]                   |
|    |              |              |                | edgeTypes: []                    |
|    |              |              |                | edgeDirection: OUT_EDGE          |
|    |              |              |                | vertexProps:                     |
|    |              |              |                | edgeProps: [                     |
|    |              |              |                |   {                              |
|    |              |              |                |     "props": [                   |
|    |              |              |                |       "_dst",                    |
|    |              |              |                |       "_rank",                   |
|    |              |              |                |       "_src",                    |
|    |              |              |                |       "_type",                   |
|    |              |              |                |       "end_year",                |
|    |              |              |                |       "start_year"               |
|    |              |              |                |     ],                           |
|    |              |              |                |     "type": -52                  |
|    |              |              |                |   },                             |
|    |              |              |                |   {                              |
|    |              |              |                |     "props": [                   |
|    |              |              |                |       "_dst",                    |
|    |              |              |                |       "_rank",                   |
|    |              |              |                |       "_src",                    |
|    |              |              |                |       "_type",                   |
|    |              |              |                |       "degree"                   |
|    |              |              |                |     ],                           |
|    |              |              |                |     "type": -53                  |
|    |              |              |                |   },                             |
|    |              |              |                |   {                              |
|    |              |              |                |     "props": [                   |
|    |              |              |                |       "_dst",                    |
|    |              |              |                |       "_rank",                   |
|    |              |              |                |       "_src",                    |
|    |              |              |                |       "_type",                   |
|    |              |              |                |       "time"                     |
|    |              |              |                |     ],                           |
|    |              |              |                |     "type": -67                  |
|    |              |              |                |   },                             |
|    |              |              |                |   {                              |
|    |              |              |                |     "props": [                   |
|    |              |              |                |       "_dst",                    |
|    |              |              |                |       "_rank",                   |
|    |              |              |                |       "_src",                    |
|    |              |              |                |       "_type",                   |
|    |              |              |                |       "time"                     |
|    |              |              |                |     ],                           |
|    |              |              |                |     "type": -68                  |
|    |              |              |                |   },                             |
|    |              |              |                |   {                              |
|    |              |              |                |     "props": [                   |
|    |              |              |                |       "_dst",                    |
|    |              |              |                |       "_rank",                   |
|    |              |              |                |       "_src",                    |
|    |              |              |                |       "_type"                    |
|    |              |              |                |     ],                           |
|    |              |              |                |     "type": -69                  |
|    |              |              |                |   },                             |
|    |              |              |                |   {                              |
|    |              |              |                |     "props": [                   |
|    |              |              |                |       "_dst",                    |
|    |              |              |                |       "_rank",                   |
|    |              |              |                |       "_src",                    |
|    |              |              |                |       "_type"                    |
|    |              |              |                |     ],                           |
|    |              |              |                |     "type": -70                  |
|    |              |              |                |   },                             |
|    |              |              |                |   {                              |
|    |              |              |                |     "props": [                   |
|    |              |              |                |       "_dst",                    |
|    |              |              |                |       "_rank",                   |
|    |              |              |                |       "_src",                    |
|    |              |              |                |       "_type"                    |
|    |              |              |                |     ],                           |
|    |              |              |                |     "type": -71                  |
|    |              |              |                |   },                             |
|    |              |              |                |   {                              |
|    |              |              |                |     "props": [                   |
|    |              |              |                |       "_dst",                    |
|    |              |              |                |       "_rank",                   |
|    |              |              |                |       "_src",                    |
|    |              |              |                |       "_type",                   |
|    |              |              |                |       "end_year",                |
|    |              |              |                |       "start_year"               |
|    |              |              |                |     ],                           |
|    |              |              |                |     "type": 52                   |
|    |              |              |                |   },                             |
|    |              |              |                |   {                              |
|    |              |              |                |     "props": [                   |
|    |              |              |                |       "_dst",                    |
|    |              |              |                |       "_rank",                   |
|    |              |              |                |       "_src",                    |
|    |              |              |                |       "_type",                   |
|    |              |              |                |       "degree"                   |
|    |              |              |                |     ],                           |
|    |              |              |                |     "type": 53                   |
|    |              |              |                |   },                             |
|    |              |              |                |   {                              |
|    |              |              |                |     "props": [                   |
|    |              |              |                |       "_dst",                    |
|    |              |              |                |       "_rank",                   |
|    |              |              |                |       "_src",                    |
|    |              |              |                |       "_type",                   |
|    |              |              |                |       "time"                     |
|    |              |              |                |     ],                           |
|    |              |              |                |     "type": 67                   |
|    |              |              |                |   },                             |
|    |              |              |                |   {                              |
|    |              |              |                |     "props": [                   |
|    |              |              |                |       "_dst",                    |
|    |              |              |                |       "_rank",                   |
|    |              |              |                |       "_src",                    |
|    |              |              |                |       "_type",                   |
|    |              |              |                |       "time"                     |
|    |              |              |                |     ],                           |
|    |              |              |                |     "type": 68                   |
|    |              |              |                |   },                             |
|    |              |              |                |   {                              |
|    |              |              |                |     "props": [                   |
|    |              |              |                |       "_dst",                    |
|    |              |              |                |       "_rank",                   |
|    |              |              |                |       "_src",                    |
|    |              |              |                |       "_type"                    |
|    |              |              |                |     ],                           |
|    |              |              |                |     "type": 69                   |
|    |              |              |                |   },                             |
|    |              |              |                |   {                              |
|    |              |              |                |     "props": [                   |
|    |              |              |                |       "_dst",                    |
|    |              |              |                |       "_rank",                   |
|    |              |              |                |       "_src",                    |
|    |              |              |                |       "_type"                    |
|    |              |              |                |     ],                           |
|    |              |              |                |     "type": 70                   |
|    |              |              |                |   },                             |
|    |              |              |                |   {                              |
|    |              |              |                |     "props": [                   |
|    |              |              |                |       "_dst",                    |
|    |              |              |                |       "_rank",                   |
|    |              |              |                |       "_src",                    |
|    |              |              |                |       "_type"                    |
|    |              |              |                |     ],                           |
|    |              |              |                |     "type": 71                   |
|    |              |              |                |   }                              |
|    |              |              |                | ]                                |
|    |              |              |                | statProps:                       |
|    |              |              |                | exprs:                           |
|    |              |              |                | random: false                    |
-----+--------------+--------------+----------------+-----------------------------------
|  0 | Start        |              |                | outputVar: {                     |
|    |              |              |                |   "colNames": [],                |
|    |              |              |                |   "type": "DATASET",             |
|    |              |              |                |   "name": "__Start_0"            |
|    |              |              |                | }                                |
-----+--------------+--------------+----------------+-----------------------------------

Tue, 13 Sep 2022 15:13:28 CST

反观 GO 的查询,GetNeighbors 算子只需要沿着起点进行边边扫描就好。然而,这个查询的计划里居然还有 GetVertices 算子取获取点的属性,这看起来完全是不必要的。

更优的 GO 表达

下面,我们看看还有没有优化的余地,这里,我们用到了 $$ 引用属性,它是一个很好的语义表达,方便我们取点信息。但因为 $$ 可以用来获取点的属性(比如 $$.player.age),所以优化规则中对 $$ 的函数 id() 会引入了 GetVertices 算子。因此,在没有优化计划让表达语句做出更优执行计划之前,我们可以按照”减少模糊,增加确定“的思路,把查询语句潜在涉及取点属性的表达绕过。

架构设计文章告诉我们,一条边存储了起点、终点的 ID 信息,当我们只关心边是否存在,不关心对端顶点属性时,这个查询只扫边就可以了。

image

所以,要绕开 id($$) 这个表达的一个方法就是用 edge。在双向探索的情况下,id($$) 等价的表达是 dst(edge) == "player101" OR src(edge) == "player101"。所以,这句查询可以改写成:

- GO FROM "player100" over * BIDIRECT WHERE id($$) == "player101" YIELD edge as e
+ GO FROM "player100" over * BIDIRECT WHERE dst(edge) == "player101" OR src(edge) == "player101" YIELD edge AS e

我们看看优化之后的查询计划:GetNeighbors->Filter->Project,显然,它是最优的了!

(root@nebula) [basketballplayer]> explain GO FROM "player100" over * BIDIRECT WHERE dst(edge) == "player101" OR src(edge) == "player101" YIELD edge AS e
Execution succeeded (time spent 1060/6717 us)

Execution Plan (optimize time 402 us)

-----+--------------+--------------+----------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------
| id | name         | dependencies | profiling data | operator info                                                     |
-----+--------------+--------------+----------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------
|  3 | Project      | 2            |                | outputVar: {                                                      |
|    |              |              |                |   "colNames": [                                                   |
|    |              |              |                |     "e"                                                           |
|    |              |              |                |   ],                                                              |
|    |              |              |                |   "type": "DATASET",                                              |
|    |              |              |                |   "name": "__Project_3"                                           |
|    |              |              |                | }                                                                 |
|    |              |              |                | inputVar: __Filter_2                                              |
|    |              |              |                | columns: [                                                        |
|    |              |              |                |   "EDGE AS e"                                                     |
|    |              |              |                | ]                                                                 |
-----+--------------+--------------+----------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------
|  2 | Filter       | 1            |                | outputVar: {                                                      |
|    |              |              |                |   "colNames": [],                                                 |
|    |              |              |                |   "type": "DATASET",                                              |
|    |              |              |                |   "name": "__Filter_2"                                            |
|    |              |              |                | }                                                                 |
|    |              |              |                | inputVar: __GetNeighbors_1                                        |
|    |              |              |                | condition: ((dst(EDGE)=="player101") OR (src(EDGE)=="player101")) |
|    |              |              |                | isStable: false                                                   |
-----+--------------+--------------+----------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------
|  1 | GetNeighbors | 0            |                | outputVar: {                                                      |
|    |              |              |                |   "colNames": [],                                                 |
|    |              |              |                |   "type": "DATASET",                                              |
|    |              |              |                |   "name": "__GetNeighbors_1"                                      |
|    |              |              |                | }                                                                 |
|    |              |              |                | inputVar: __VAR_0                                                 |
|    |              |              |                | space: 49                                                         |
|    |              |              |                | dedup: false                                                      |
|    |              |              |                | limit: -1                                                         |
|    |              |              |                | filter:                                                           |
|    |              |              |                | orderBy: []                                                       |
|    |              |              |                | src: COLUMN[0]                                                    |
|    |              |              |                | edgeTypes: []                                                     |
|    |              |              |                | edgeDirection: OUT_EDGE                                           |
|    |              |              |                | vertexProps:                                                      |
|    |              |              |                | edgeProps: [                                                      |
|    |              |              |                |   {                                                               |
|    |              |              |                |     "props": [                                                    |
|    |              |              |                |       "_dst",                                                     |
|    |              |              |                |       "_rank",                                                    |
|    |              |              |                |       "_src",                                                     |
|    |              |              |                |       "_type",                                                    |
|    |              |              |                |       "end_year",                                                 |
|    |              |              |                |       "start_year"                                                |
|    |              |              |                |     ],                                                            |
|    |              |              |                |     "type": -52                                                   |
|    |              |              |                |   },                                                              |
|    |              |              |                |   {                                                               |
|    |              |              |                |     "props": [                                                    |
|    |              |              |                |       "_dst",                                                     |
|    |              |              |                |       "_rank",                                                    |
|    |              |              |                |       "_src",                                                     |
|    |              |              |                |       "_type",                                                    |
|    |              |              |                |       "degree"                                                    |
|    |              |              |                |     ],                                                            |
|    |              |              |                |     "type": -53                                                   |
|    |              |              |                |   },                                                              |
|    |              |              |                |   {                                                               |
|    |              |              |                |     "props": [                                                    |
|    |              |              |                |       "_dst",                                                     |
|    |              |              |                |       "_rank",                                                    |
|    |              |              |                |       "_src",                                                     |
|    |              |              |                |       "_type",                                                    |
|    |              |              |                |       "time"                                                      |
|    |              |              |                |     ],                                                            |
|    |              |              |                |     "type": -67                                                   |
|    |              |              |                |   },                                                              |
|    |              |              |                |   {                                                               |
|    |              |              |                |     "props": [                                                    |
|    |              |              |                |       "_dst",                                                     |
|    |              |              |                |       "_rank",                                                    |
|    |              |              |                |       "_src",                                                     |
|    |              |              |                |       "_type",                                                    |
|    |              |              |                |       "time"                                                      |
|    |              |              |                |     ],                                                            |
|    |              |              |                |     "type": -68                                                   |
|    |              |              |                |   },                                                              |
|    |              |              |                |   {                                                               |
|    |              |              |                |     "props": [                                                    |
|    |              |              |                |       "_dst",                                                     |
|    |              |              |                |       "_rank",                                                    |
|    |              |              |                |       "_src",                                                     |
|    |              |              |                |       "_type"                                                     |
|    |              |              |                |     ],                                                            |
|    |              |              |                |     "type": -69                                                   |
|    |              |              |                |   },                                                              |
|    |              |              |                |   {                                                               |
|    |              |              |                |     "props": [                                                    |
|    |              |              |                |       "_dst",                                                     |
|    |              |              |                |       "_rank",                                                    |
|    |              |              |                |       "_src",                                                     |
|    |              |              |                |       "_type"                                                     |
|    |              |              |                |     ],                                                            |
|    |              |              |                |     "type": -70                                                   |
|    |              |              |                |   },                                                              |
|    |              |              |                |   {                                                               |
|    |              |              |                |     "props": [                                                    |
|    |              |              |                |       "_dst",                                                     |
|    |              |              |                |       "_rank",                                                    |
|    |              |              |                |       "_src",                                                     |
|    |              |              |                |       "_type"                                                     |
|    |              |              |                |     ],                                                            |
|    |              |              |                |     "type": -71                                                   |
|    |              |              |                |   },                                                              |
|    |              |              |                |   {                                                               |
|    |              |              |                |     "props": [                                                    |
|    |              |              |                |       "_dst",                                                     |
|    |              |              |                |       "_rank",                                                    |
|    |              |              |                |       "_src",                                                     |
|    |              |              |                |       "_type",                                                    |
|    |              |              |                |       "end_year",                                                 |
|    |              |              |                |       "start_year"                                                |
|    |              |              |                |     ],                                                            |
|    |              |              |                |     "type": 52                                                    |
|    |              |              |                |   },                                                              |
|    |              |              |                |   {                                                               |
|    |              |              |                |     "props": [                                                    |
|    |              |              |                |       "_dst",                                                     |
|    |              |              |                |       "_rank",                                                    |
|    |              |              |                |       "_src",                                                     |
|    |              |              |                |       "_type",                                                    |
|    |              |              |                |       "degree"                                                    |
|    |              |              |                |     ],                                                            |
|    |              |              |                |     "type": 53                                                    |
|    |              |              |                |   },                                                              |
|    |              |              |                |   {                                                               |
|    |              |              |                |     "props": [                                                    |
|    |              |              |                |       "_dst",                                                     |
|    |              |              |                |       "_rank",                                                    |
|    |              |              |                |       "_src",                                                     |
|    |              |              |                |       "_type",                                                    |
|    |              |              |                |       "time"                                                      |
|    |              |              |                |     ],                                                            |
|    |              |              |                |     "type": 67                                                    |
|    |              |              |                |   },                                                              |
|    |              |              |                |   {                                                               |
|    |              |              |                |     "props": [                                                    |
|    |              |              |                |       "_dst",                                                     |
|    |              |              |                |       "_rank",                                                    |
|    |              |              |                |       "_src",                                                     |
|    |              |              |                |       "_type",                                                    |
|    |              |              |                |       "time"                                                      |
|    |              |              |                |     ],                                                            |
|    |              |              |                |     "type": 68                                                    |
|    |              |              |                |   },                                                              |
|    |              |              |                |   {                                                               |
|    |              |              |                |     "props": [                                                    |
|    |              |              |                |       "_dst",                                                     |
|    |              |              |                |       "_rank",                                                    |
|    |              |              |                |       "_src",                                                     |
|    |              |              |                |       "_type"                                                     |
|    |              |              |                |     ],                                                            |
|    |              |              |                |     "type": 69                                                    |
|    |              |              |                |   },                                                              |
|    |              |              |                |   {                                                               |
|    |              |              |                |     "props": [                                                    |
|    |              |              |                |       "_dst",                                                     |
|    |              |              |                |       "_rank",                                                    |
|    |              |              |                |       "_src",                                                     |
|    |              |              |                |       "_type"                                                     |
|    |              |              |                |     ],                                                            |
|    |              |              |                |     "type": 70                                                    |
|    |              |              |                |   },                                                              |
|    |              |              |                |   {                                                               |
|    |              |              |                |     "props": [                                                    |
|    |              |              |                |       "_dst",                                                     |
|    |              |              |                |       "_rank",                                                    |
|    |              |              |                |       "_src",                                                     |
|    |              |              |                |       "_type"                                                     |
|    |              |              |                |     ],                                                            |
|    |              |              |                |     "type": 71                                                    |
|    |              |              |                |   }                                                               |
|    |              |              |                | ]                                                                 |
|    |              |              |                | statProps:                                                        |
|    |              |              |                | exprs:                                                            |
|    |              |              |                | random: false                                                     |
-----+--------------+--------------+----------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------
|  0 | Start        |              |                | outputVar: {                                                      |
|    |              |              |                |   "colNames": [],                                                 |
|    |              |              |                |   "type": "DATASET",                                              |
|    |              |              |                |   "name": "__Start_0"                                             |
|    |              |              |                | }                                                                 |
-----+--------------+--------------+----------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------

索引的命中

在本篇结束之前,我还想再给一个索引查询的例子。首先,假设环境里只存在 player() 和 player.name 上的索引,没有 player.age 上的索引。

(root@nebula) [basketballplayer]> SHOW TAG INDEXES
+------------------+----------+----------+
| Index Name       | By Tag   | Columns  |
+------------------+----------+----------+
| "player_index_0" | "player" | []       |
| "player_index_1" | "player" | ["name"] |
+------------------+----------+----------+
Got 2 rows (time spent 2440/19653 us)

在 NebulaGraph 中,只有不具备 ID 条件的起点才涉及索引,而这类起点查询其实是一个典型的非图库查询。相反,点的拓展和 NebulaGraph 索引是无关的。

下面的例子只涉及起点查询,类似于 SQL 中 SELECT * FROM player WHERE ... 的表达。这三个查询分别是:

  1. MATCH (n:player) WHERE n.player.age > 50 RETURN n
  2. MATCH (n:player) WHERE n.player.name > "T" RETURN n
  3. MATCH (n:team) WHERE n.team.name > "T" RETURN n

之中只有 1. 和 2. 是允许的查询,3. 因为查询涉及数据全扫描而被 NebulaGraph 禁止,因为不存在 team 之中的索引,这样的全扫描是很昂贵的:

(root@nebula) [basketballplayer]> match (n:team) WHERE n.team.name > "T" RETURN n
[ERROR (-1005)]: IndexNotFound: No valid index found

虽然都能被执行,但 1. 与 2. 的情况又有不同:1. 中的过滤条件 n.player.age > 50 涉及未被索引的字段,这个过滤是无法被下推到 IndexScan 算子的,这意味着所有的 player 都会被扫描到 graphd 中,然后再进一步进行 Filter 算子的过滤计算。

下图是索引文中介绍的点索引在 RocksDB 中的数据结构。

vertex-index-format

(root@nebula) [basketballplayer]> profile MATCH (n:player) WHERE n.player.age > 50 RETURN n
+---+
| n |
+---+
+---+
Empty set (time spent 8468/25278 us)

Execution Plan (optimize time 442 us)

-----+----------------+--------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------
| id | name           | dependencies | profiling data                                                                                                                                                         | operator info                    |
-----+----------------+--------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------
|  6 | Project        | 5            | ver: 0, rows: 0, execTime: 19us, totalTime: 22us                                                                                                                       | outputVar: {                     |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        |   "colNames": [                  |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        |     "n"                          |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        |   ],                             |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        |   "type": "DATASET",             |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        |   "name": "__Project_6"          |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        | }                                |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        | inputVar: __Filter_5             |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        | columns: [                       |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        |   "$n"                           |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        | ]                                |
-----+----------------+--------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------
|  5 | Filter         | 9            | ver: 0, rows: 0, execTime: 74us, totalTime: 75us                                                                                                                       | outputVar: {                     |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        |   "colNames": [                  |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        |     "n"                          |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        |   ],                             |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        |   "type": "DATASET",             |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        |   "name": "__Filter_5"           |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        | }                                |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        | inputVar: __Project_4            |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        | condition: (n.player.age>50)     |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        | isStable: false                  |
-----+----------------+--------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------
|  9 | AppendVertices | 7            | {                                                                                                                                                                      | outputVar: {                     |
|    |                |              | ver: 0, rows: 51, execTime: 841us, totalTime: 4481us                                                                                                                   |   "colNames": [                  |
|    |                |              | total_rpc: 4018(us)                                                                                                                                                    |     "n"                          |
|    |                |              | "storaged1":9779 exec/total: 1591(us)/2868(us)                                                                                                                         |   ],                             |
|    |                |              | "storaged0":9779 exec/total: 1532(us)/2672(us)                                                                                                                         |   "type": "DATASET",             |
|    |                |              | "storaged2":9779 exec/total: 2510(us)/3733(us)                                                                                                                         |   "name": "__Project_4"          |
|    |                |              | }                                                                                                                                                                      | }                                |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        | inputVar: __IndexScan_1          |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        | space: 49                        |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        | dedup: true                      |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        | limit: -1                        |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        | filter: player._tag IS NOT EMPTY |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        | orderBy: []                      |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        | src: $_vid                       |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        | props: [                         |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        |   {                              |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        |     "props": [                   |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        |       "name",                    |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        |       "age",                     |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        |       "_tag"                     |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        |     ],                           |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        |     "tagId": 59                  |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        |   },                             |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        |   {                              |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        |     "props": [                   |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        |       "geo",                     |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        |       "_tag"                     |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        |     ],                           |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        |     "tagId": 60                  |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        |   },                             |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        |   {                              |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        |     "props": [                   |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        |       "name",                    |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        |       "age",                     |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        |       "_tag"                     |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        |     ],                           |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        |     "tagId": 50                  |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        |   },                             |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        |   {                              |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        |     "props": [                   |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        |       "name",                    |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        |       "email",                   |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        |       "phone_num",               |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        |       "birthday",                |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        |       "address",                 |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        |       "_tag"                     |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        |     ],                           |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        |     "tagId": 61                  |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        |   },                             |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        |   {                              |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        |     "props": [                   |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        |       "name",                    |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        |       "_tag"                     |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        |     ],                           |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        |     "tagId": 51                  |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        |   },                             |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        |   {                              |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        |     "props": [                   |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        |       "address",                 |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        |       "_tag"                     |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        |     ],                           |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        |     "tagId": 62                  |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        |   },                             |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        |   {                              |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        |     "props": [                   |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        |       "uuid",                    |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        |       "_tag"                     |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        |     ],                           |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        |     "tagId": 63                  |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        |   },                             |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        |   {                              |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        |     "props": [                   |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        |       "_tag"                     |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        |     ],                           |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        |     "tagId": 64                  |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        |   },                             |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        |   {                              |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        |     "props": [                   |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        |       "_tag"                     |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        |     ],                           |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        |     "tagId": 65                  |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        |   },                             |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        |   {                              |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        |     "props": [                   |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        |       "_tag"                     |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        |     ],                           |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        |     "tagId": 66                  |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        |   }                              |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        | ]                                |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        | exprs:                           |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        | vertex_filter:                   |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        | if_track_previous_path: false    |
-----+----------------+--------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------
|  7 | IndexScan      | 2            | {                                                                                                                                                                      | outputVar: {                     |
|    |                |              | ver: 0, rows: 51, execTime: 0us, totalTime: 2475us                                                                                                                     |   "colNames": [                  |
|    |                |              | "storaged2":9779 exec/total: 640(us)/1968(us)                                                                                                                          |     "_vid"                       |
|    |                |              | "storaged1":9779 exec/total: 709(us)/2040(us)                                                                                                                          |   ],                             |
|    |                |              | "storaged0":9779 exec/total: 599(us)/2075(us)                                                                                                                          |   "type": "DATASET",             |
|    |                |              | storage_detail: {IndexLimitNode(limit=9223372036854775807):318(us),IndexProjectionNode(projectColumn=[_vid]):317(us),IndexVertexScanNode(IndexID=54, Path=()):320(us)} |   "name": "__IndexScan_1"        |
|    |                |              | }                                                                                                                                                                      | }                                |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        | inputVar:                        |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        | space: 49                        |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        | dedup: false                     |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        | limit: 9223372036854775807       |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        | filter:                          |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        | orderBy: []                      |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        | schemaId: 50                     |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        | isEdge: false                    |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        | returnCols: [                    |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        |   "_vid"                         |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        | ]                                |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        | indexCtx: [                      |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        |   {                              |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        |     "columnHints": [],           |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        |     "filter": "",                |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        |     "index_id": 54               |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        |   }                              |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        | ]                                |
-----+----------------+--------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------
|  2 | Start          |              | ver: 0, rows: 0, execTime: 0us, totalTime: 36us                                                                                                                        | outputVar: {                     |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        |   "colNames": [],                |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        |   "type": "DATASET",             |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        |   "name": "__Start_2"            |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                        | }                                |
-----+----------------+--------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------

Tue, 13 Sep 2022 15:28:31 CST

(root@nebula) [basketballplayer]>
(root@nebula) [basketballplayer]> profile MATCH (n:player) WHERE n.player.name > "T" RETURN n
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| n                                                                                        |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| ("player127" :player{age: 42, name: "Vince Carter"})                                     |
| ("player109" :player{age: 34, name: "Tiago Splitter"})                                   |
| ("player100" :actor{age: 42, name: "Tim Duncan X"} :player{age: 42, name: "Tim Duncan"}) |
| ("player101" :player{age: 36, name: "Tony Parker"})                                      |
| ("player133" :player{age: 38, name: "Yao Ming"})                                         |
| ("player114" :player{age: 39, name: "Tracy McGrady"})                                    |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
Got 6 rows (time spent 5438/13004 us)

Execution Plan (optimize time 333 us)

-----+----------------+--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------
| id | name           | dependencies | profiling data                                                                                                                                                                       | operator info                    |
-----+----------------+--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------
|  6 | Project        | 5            | ver: 0, rows: 6, execTime: 24us, totalTime: 26us                                                                                                                                     | outputVar: {                     |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      |   "colNames": [                  |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      |     "n"                          |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      |   ],                             |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      |   "type": "DATASET",             |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      |   "name": "__Project_6"          |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      | }                                |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      | inputVar: __Filter_5             |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      | columns: [                       |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      |   "$n"                           |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      | ]                                |
-----+----------------+--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------
|  5 | Filter         | 9            | ver: 0, rows: 6, execTime: 28us, totalTime: 30us                                                                                                                                     | outputVar: {                     |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      |   "colNames": [                  |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      |     "n"                          |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      |   ],                             |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      |   "type": "DATASET",             |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      |   "name": "__Filter_5"           |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      | }                                |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      | inputVar: __Project_4            |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      | condition: (n.player.name>"T")   |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      | isStable: false                  |
-----+----------------+--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------
|  9 | AppendVertices | 7            | {                                                                                                                                                                                    | outputVar: {                     |
|    |                |              | ver: 0, rows: 6, execTime: 488us, totalTime: 2146us                                                                                                                                  |   "colNames": [                  |
|    |                |              | "storaged1":9779 exec/total: 395(us)/1461(us)                                                                                                                                        |     "n"                          |
|    |                |              | "storaged0":9779 exec/total: 375(us)/1291(us)                                                                                                                                        |   ],                             |
|    |                |              | "storaged2":9779 exec/total: 607(us)/1615(us)                                                                                                                                        |   "type": "DATASET",             |
|    |                |              | total_rpc: 1860(us)                                                                                                                                                                  |   "name": "__Project_4"          |
|    |                |              | }                                                                                                                                                                                    | }                                |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      | inputVar: __IndexScan_1          |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      | space: 49                        |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      | dedup: true                      |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      | limit: -1                        |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      | filter: player._tag IS NOT EMPTY |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      | orderBy: []                      |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      | src: $_vid                       |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      | props: [                         |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      |   {                              |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      |     "props": [                   |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      |       "name",                    |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      |       "age",                     |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      |       "_tag"                     |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      |     ],                           |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      |     "tagId": 59                  |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      |   },                             |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      |   {                              |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      |     "props": [                   |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      |       "geo",                     |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      |       "_tag"                     |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      |     ],                           |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      |     "tagId": 60                  |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      |   },                             |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      |   {                              |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      |     "props": [                   |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      |       "name",                    |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      |       "age",                     |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      |       "_tag"                     |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      |     ],                           |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      |     "tagId": 50                  |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      |   },                             |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      |   {                              |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      |     "props": [                   |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      |       "name",                    |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      |       "email",                   |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      |       "phone_num",               |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      |       "birthday",                |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      |       "address",                 |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      |       "_tag"                     |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      |     ],                           |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      |     "tagId": 61                  |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      |   },                             |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      |   {                              |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      |     "props": [                   |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      |       "name",                    |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      |       "_tag"                     |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      |     ],                           |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      |     "tagId": 51                  |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      |   },                             |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      |   {                              |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      |     "props": [                   |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      |       "address",                 |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      |       "_tag"                     |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      |     ],                           |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      |     "tagId": 62                  |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      |   },                             |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      |   {                              |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      |     "props": [                   |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      |       "uuid",                    |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      |       "_tag"                     |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      |     ],                           |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      |     "tagId": 63                  |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      |   },                             |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      |   {                              |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      |     "props": [                   |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      |       "_tag"                     |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      |     ],                           |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      |     "tagId": 64                  |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      |   },                             |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      |   {                              |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      |     "props": [                   |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      |       "_tag"                     |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      |     ],                           |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      |     "tagId": 65                  |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      |   },                             |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      |   {                              |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      |     "props": [                   |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      |       "_tag"                     |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      |     ],                           |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      |     "tagId": 66                  |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      |   }                              |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      | ]                                |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      | exprs:                           |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      | vertex_filter:                   |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      | if_track_previous_path: false    |
-----+----------------+--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------
|  7 | IndexScan      | 2            | {                                                                                                                                                                                    | outputVar: {                     |
|    |                |              | ver: 0, rows: 6, execTime: 0us, totalTime: 1966us                                                                                                                                    |   "colNames": [                  |
|    |                |              | "storaged2":9779 exec/total: 431(us)/1564(us)                                                                                                                                        |     "_vid"                       |
|    |                |              | "storaged1":9779 exec/total: 443(us)/1561(us)                                                                                                                                        |   ],                             |
|    |                |              | "storaged0":9779 exec/total: 413(us)/1696(us)                                                                                                                                        |   "type": "DATASET",             |
|    |                |              | storage_detail: {IndexLimitNode(limit=9223372036854775807):269(us),IndexProjectionNode(projectColumn=[_vid]):269(us),IndexVertexScanNode(IndexID=55, Path=(name=("T",INF])):272(us)} |   "name": "__IndexScan_1"        |
|    |                |              | }                                                                                                                                                                                    | }                                |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      | inputVar:                        |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      | space: 49                        |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      | dedup: false                     |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      | limit: 9223372036854775807       |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      | filter:                          |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      | orderBy: []                      |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      | schemaId: 50                     |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      | isEdge: false                    |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      | returnCols: [                    |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      |   "_vid"                         |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      | ]                                |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      | indexCtx: [                      |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      |   {                              |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      |     "columnHints": [             |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      |       {                          |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      |         "includeEnd": false,     |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      |         "includeBegin": false,   |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      |         "endValue": "__EMPTY__", |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      |         "beginValue": "T",       |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      |         "scanType": "RANGE",     |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      |         "column": "name"         |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      |       }                          |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      |     ],                           |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      |     "filter": "",                |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      |     "index_id": 55               |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      |   }                              |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      | ]                                |
-----+----------------+--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------
|  2 | Start          |              | ver: 0, rows: 0, execTime: 0us, totalTime: 36us                                                                                                                                      | outputVar: {                     |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      |   "colNames": [],                |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      |   "type": "DATASET",             |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      |   "name": "__Start_2"            |
|    |                |              |                                                                                                                                                                                      | }                                |
-----+----------------+--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------

通过两个查询的 profile 分析,我们可以很清楚地看到:

  • IndexScan 在 1. 查询中没有 columnHints 信息,扫描的行数为 rows: 52(这是所有的 player 顶点数量)
  • IndexScan 在 2. 查询中有 columnHints 信息,扫描的行数只有 rows: 6

所以,我们在真的需要这种从属性反查图探索起点的时候,要根据实际查询需求去斟酌索引的创建。

小结

在理解了 NebulaGraph 的基本架构设计、存储格式、查询的简单调用流程和常见的优化规则之后,结合 PROFILE/EXPLAIN,我们可以一点点去设计更适合不同场景的图建模与图查询。

优化原则:减少模糊,增加确定,越早越好

欢迎大家在本文的评论区讨论、提供更多优化查询的例子。

延伸阅读


谢谢你读完本文 (///▽///)

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